Due to abnormal migration of ectoderm in external auditory canal (EAC) spontaneously or 2° to surgery/trauma
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Fischer N et al: MRI of middle ear cholesteatoma: the importance of observer reliance from diffusion sequences. J Neuroimaging. ePub, 2021
Gulotta G et al: Facial nerve dehiscence and cholesteatoma: pediatrics vs adults. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 138:110260, 2020
Campion T et al: Imaging of temporal bone inflammations in children: a pictorial review. Neuroradiology. 61(9):959-70, 2019
Shekdar KV et al: Imaging of pediatric hearing loss. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 29(1):103-15, 2019
Chawla A et al: Computed tomography features of external auditory canal cholesteatoma: a pictorial review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 44(6):511-6, 2015
van Egmond SL et al: A systematic review of non-echo planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detection of primary and postoperative cholesteatoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 154(2):233-40, 2015
Manasawala M et al: Imaging findings in auto-atticotomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(1):182-5, 2014
Dornhoffer JL et al: Management of acquired cholesteatoma in the pediatric population. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 21(5):440-5, 2013
Geoffray A et al: MRI for the diagnosis of recurrent middle ear cholesteatoma in children--can we optimize the technique? Preliminary study. Pediatr Radiol. 43(4):464-73, 2013
Koitschev A et al: Does diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) change treatment strategy in pediatric cholesteatoma? Acta Otolaryngol. 133(5):443-8, 2013
Lingam RK et al: Apparent diffusion coefficients for detection of postoperative middle ear cholesteatoma on non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted images. Radiology. 269(2):504-10, 2013
Wilson KF et al: Tympanoplasty with intact canal wall mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma: long-term hearing outcomes. Laryngoscope. 123(12):3168-71, 2013
Más-Estellés F et al: Contemporary non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging of middle ear cholesteatomas. Radiographics. 32(4):1197-213, 2012
De Foer B: Non echo planar, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction sequence) compared with echo planar imaging for the detection of middle-ear cholesteatoma. J Laryngol Otol. 125(8):877-8; author reply 878, 2011
Mazita A et al: Cholesteatoma in patients with congenital external auditory canal anomalies: retrospective review. J Laryngol Otol. 125(11):1116-20, 2011
De Foer B et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bone. Neuroradiology. 52(9):785-807, 2010
De Foer B et al: Middle ear cholesteatoma: non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR imaging versus delayed gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging--value in detection. Radiology. 255(3):866-72, 2010
Shohet JA et al: The management of pediatric cholesteatoma. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 35(4):841-51, 2002
Watts S et al: A systematic approach to interpretation of computed tomography scans prior to surgery of middle ear cholesteatoma. J Laryngol Otol. 114(4):248-53, 2000
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Secondary or acquired cholesteatoma (ACh): Stratified squamous epithelium-lined sac filled with exfoliated keratin debris in middle ear (ME)
Attic or Prussak space ACh = pars flaccida cholesteatoma (PFCh)
Pars tensa ACh (PTCh) lies in posterior mesotympanum, medial to ossicles
Due to abnormal migration of ectoderm in external auditory canal (EAC) spontaneously or 2° to surgery/trauma
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Fischer N et al: MRI of middle ear cholesteatoma: the importance of observer reliance from diffusion sequences. J Neuroimaging. ePub, 2021
Gulotta G et al: Facial nerve dehiscence and cholesteatoma: pediatrics vs adults. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 138:110260, 2020
Campion T et al: Imaging of temporal bone inflammations in children: a pictorial review. Neuroradiology. 61(9):959-70, 2019
Shekdar KV et al: Imaging of pediatric hearing loss. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 29(1):103-15, 2019
Chawla A et al: Computed tomography features of external auditory canal cholesteatoma: a pictorial review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 44(6):511-6, 2015
van Egmond SL et al: A systematic review of non-echo planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detection of primary and postoperative cholesteatoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 154(2):233-40, 2015
Manasawala M et al: Imaging findings in auto-atticotomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(1):182-5, 2014
Dornhoffer JL et al: Management of acquired cholesteatoma in the pediatric population. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 21(5):440-5, 2013
Geoffray A et al: MRI for the diagnosis of recurrent middle ear cholesteatoma in children--can we optimize the technique? Preliminary study. Pediatr Radiol. 43(4):464-73, 2013
Koitschev A et al: Does diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) change treatment strategy in pediatric cholesteatoma? Acta Otolaryngol. 133(5):443-8, 2013
Lingam RK et al: Apparent diffusion coefficients for detection of postoperative middle ear cholesteatoma on non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted images. Radiology. 269(2):504-10, 2013
Wilson KF et al: Tympanoplasty with intact canal wall mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma: long-term hearing outcomes. Laryngoscope. 123(12):3168-71, 2013
Más-Estellés F et al: Contemporary non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging of middle ear cholesteatomas. Radiographics. 32(4):1197-213, 2012
De Foer B: Non echo planar, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction sequence) compared with echo planar imaging for the detection of middle-ear cholesteatoma. J Laryngol Otol. 125(8):877-8; author reply 878, 2011
Mazita A et al: Cholesteatoma in patients with congenital external auditory canal anomalies: retrospective review. J Laryngol Otol. 125(11):1116-20, 2011
De Foer B et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bone. Neuroradiology. 52(9):785-807, 2010
De Foer B et al: Middle ear cholesteatoma: non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR imaging versus delayed gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging--value in detection. Radiology. 255(3):866-72, 2010
Shohet JA et al: The management of pediatric cholesteatoma. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 35(4):841-51, 2002
Watts S et al: A systematic approach to interpretation of computed tomography scans prior to surgery of middle ear cholesteatoma. J Laryngol Otol. 114(4):248-53, 2000
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