HAND: Most frequent neurologic manifestations of HIV infection
Moderate cognitive impairment common despite good response to ART
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ances BM et al: CROI 2019: neurologic complications of HIV disease. Top Antivir Med. 27(1):26-33, 2019
Campbell LM et al: Use of neuroimaging to inform optimal neurocognitive criteria for detecting HIV-associated brain abnormalities. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1-16, 2019
Chaganti J et al: Imaging correlates of the blood-brain barrier disruption in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder and therapeutic implications. AIDS. 33(12):1843-52, 2019
Bilgrami M et al: Neurologic diseases in HIV-infected patients. Handb Clin Neurol. 121:1321-44, 2014
Mahan M et al: Neuroimaging of viral infections of the central nervous system. Handb Clin Neurol. 123:149-73, 2014
Clifford DB et al: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Lancet Infect Dis. 13(11):976-86, 2013
Dahiya S et al: Genetic variation and HIV-associated neurologic disease. Adv Virus Res. 87:183-240, 2013
Risacher SL et al: Neuroimaging biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases and dementia. Semin Neurol. 33(4):386-416, 2013
Crews L et al: Molecular Pathology of Neuro-AIDS (CNS-HIV). Int J Mol Sci. 10(3):1045-63, 2009
Letendre SL et al: Neurologic complications of HIV disease and their treatment. Top HIV Med. 17(2):46-56, 2009
Ragin AB et al: Whole brain diffusion tensor imaging in HIV-associated cognitive impairment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(2):195-200, 2004
Graham CB 3rd et al: Screening CT of the brain determined by CD4 count in HIV-positive patients presenting with headache. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(3):451-4, 2000
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
HIV-1 encephalitis/encephalopathy (HIVE)
HIV leukoencephalopathy (HIVL)
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
Persons living with HIV infection (PLWH)
Definitions
Direct HIV infection of brain
Opportunistic infections absent
Cognitive, behavioral, motor abnormalities
HAND: Most frequent neurologic manifestations of HIV infection
Moderate cognitive impairment common despite good response to ART
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ances BM et al: CROI 2019: neurologic complications of HIV disease. Top Antivir Med. 27(1):26-33, 2019
Campbell LM et al: Use of neuroimaging to inform optimal neurocognitive criteria for detecting HIV-associated brain abnormalities. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1-16, 2019
Chaganti J et al: Imaging correlates of the blood-brain barrier disruption in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder and therapeutic implications. AIDS. 33(12):1843-52, 2019
Bilgrami M et al: Neurologic diseases in HIV-infected patients. Handb Clin Neurol. 121:1321-44, 2014
Mahan M et al: Neuroimaging of viral infections of the central nervous system. Handb Clin Neurol. 123:149-73, 2014
Clifford DB et al: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Lancet Infect Dis. 13(11):976-86, 2013
Dahiya S et al: Genetic variation and HIV-associated neurologic disease. Adv Virus Res. 87:183-240, 2013
Risacher SL et al: Neuroimaging biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases and dementia. Semin Neurol. 33(4):386-416, 2013
Crews L et al: Molecular Pathology of Neuro-AIDS (CNS-HIV). Int J Mol Sci. 10(3):1045-63, 2009
Letendre SL et al: Neurologic complications of HIV disease and their treatment. Top HIV Med. 17(2):46-56, 2009
Ragin AB et al: Whole brain diffusion tensor imaging in HIV-associated cognitive impairment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(2):195-200, 2004
Graham CB 3rd et al: Screening CT of the brain determined by CD4 count in HIV-positive patients presenting with headache. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(3):451-4, 2000
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