Spondylosis, central canal stenosis, lumbar canal stenosis
Definitions
Spinal canal narrowing in lumbar spine
Secondary to multifactorial degenerative changes, being progressive, and dynamic, process
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ruetten S et al: Endoscopic lumbar decompression. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 31(1):25-32, 2020
Schroeder GD et al: Lumbar spinal stenosis: how is it classified? J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 24(12):843-52, 2016
Cheung JP et al: Defining clinically relevant values for developmental spinal stenosis: a large-scale magnetic resonance imaging study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 39(13):1067-76, 2014
Friedly JL et al: A randomized trial of epidural glucocorticoid injections for spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. 371(1):11-21, 2014
Mamisch N et al: Radiologic criteria for the diagnosis of spinal stenosis: results of a Delphi survey. Radiology. 264(1):174-9, 2012
Andreisek G et al: Uncertainties in the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis. Radiology. 261(3):681-4, 2011
Steurer J et al: Quantitative radiologic criteria for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic literature review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 12:175, 2011
Schizas C et al: Qualitative grading of severity of lumbar spinal stenosis based on the morphology of the dural sac on magnetic resonance images. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 35(21):1919-24, 2010
Ploumis A et al: Degenerative lumbar scoliosis associated with spinal stenosis. Spine J. 7(4):428-36, 2007
Siddiqui M et al: One-year results of X Stop interspinous implant for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(12):1345-8, 2007
Anderson PA et al: Treatment of neurogenic claudication by interspinous decompression: application of the X STOP device in patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. J Neurosurg Spine. 4(6):463-71, 2006
Zucherman JF et al: A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial evaluating the X STOP interspinous process decompression system for the treatment of neurogenic intermittent claudication: two-year follow-up results. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30(12):1351-8, 2005
Epstein NE: Lumbar synovial cysts: a review of diagnosis, surgical management, and outcome assessment. J Spinal Disord Tech. 17(4):321-5, 2004
Speciale AC et al: Observer variability in assessing lumbar spinal stenosis severity on magnetic resonance imaging and its relation to cross-sectional spinal canal area. Spine. 27(10): 1082-6, 2002
Yukawa Y et al: A comprehensive study of patients with surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 84-A(11): 1954-9, 2002
Cirak B et al: Surgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis: evaluation of 300 cases. Neurosurg Rev. 24(2-3): 80-2, 2001
Schonstrom N et al: Imaging lumbar spinal stenosis. Radiol Clin North Am. 39(1): 31-53, v, 2001
Sheehan JM et al: Degenerative lumbar stenosis: the neurosurgical perspective. Clin Orthop. (384): 61-74, 2001
Ross JS: Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative spine. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 4(3):281-91, 2000
Jinkins JR: MR evaluation of stenosis involving the neural foramina, lateral recesses, and central canal of the lumbosacral spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 7(3): 493-511, viii, 1999
Amundsen T et al: Lumbar spinal stenosis. Clinical and radiologic features. Spine. 20(10):1178-86, 1995
Modic MT et al: Imaging of degenerative disease of the cervical spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (239):109-20, 1989
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Spondylosis, central canal stenosis, lumbar canal stenosis
Definitions
Spinal canal narrowing in lumbar spine
Secondary to multifactorial degenerative changes, being progressive, and dynamic, process
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ruetten S et al: Endoscopic lumbar decompression. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 31(1):25-32, 2020
Schroeder GD et al: Lumbar spinal stenosis: how is it classified? J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 24(12):843-52, 2016
Cheung JP et al: Defining clinically relevant values for developmental spinal stenosis: a large-scale magnetic resonance imaging study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 39(13):1067-76, 2014
Friedly JL et al: A randomized trial of epidural glucocorticoid injections for spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. 371(1):11-21, 2014
Mamisch N et al: Radiologic criteria for the diagnosis of spinal stenosis: results of a Delphi survey. Radiology. 264(1):174-9, 2012
Andreisek G et al: Uncertainties in the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis. Radiology. 261(3):681-4, 2011
Steurer J et al: Quantitative radiologic criteria for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic literature review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 12:175, 2011
Schizas C et al: Qualitative grading of severity of lumbar spinal stenosis based on the morphology of the dural sac on magnetic resonance images. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 35(21):1919-24, 2010
Ploumis A et al: Degenerative lumbar scoliosis associated with spinal stenosis. Spine J. 7(4):428-36, 2007
Siddiqui M et al: One-year results of X Stop interspinous implant for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(12):1345-8, 2007
Anderson PA et al: Treatment of neurogenic claudication by interspinous decompression: application of the X STOP device in patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. J Neurosurg Spine. 4(6):463-71, 2006
Zucherman JF et al: A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial evaluating the X STOP interspinous process decompression system for the treatment of neurogenic intermittent claudication: two-year follow-up results. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30(12):1351-8, 2005
Epstein NE: Lumbar synovial cysts: a review of diagnosis, surgical management, and outcome assessment. J Spinal Disord Tech. 17(4):321-5, 2004
Speciale AC et al: Observer variability in assessing lumbar spinal stenosis severity on magnetic resonance imaging and its relation to cross-sectional spinal canal area. Spine. 27(10): 1082-6, 2002
Yukawa Y et al: A comprehensive study of patients with surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 84-A(11): 1954-9, 2002
Cirak B et al: Surgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis: evaluation of 300 cases. Neurosurg Rev. 24(2-3): 80-2, 2001
Schonstrom N et al: Imaging lumbar spinal stenosis. Radiol Clin North Am. 39(1): 31-53, v, 2001
Sheehan JM et al: Degenerative lumbar stenosis: the neurosurgical perspective. Clin Orthop. (384): 61-74, 2001
Ross JS: Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative spine. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 4(3):281-91, 2000
Jinkins JR: MR evaluation of stenosis involving the neural foramina, lateral recesses, and central canal of the lumbosacral spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 7(3): 493-511, viii, 1999