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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Toxoplasmosis encephalitis (TE)
Definitions
Opportunistic infection caused by ubiquitous intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii
Most common opportunistic CNS infection in HIV/AIDS
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Safarpour H et al: Global status of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in people living with HIV. AIDS. 34(3):469-74, 2020
Vidal JE: HIV-Related cerebral toxoplasmosis revisited: current concepts and controversies of an old disease. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 18:2325958219867315, 2019
Benson JC et al: Imaging features of neurotoxoplasmosis: a multiparametric approach, with emphasis on susceptibility-weighted imaging. Eur J Radiol Open. 5:45-51, 2018
Marra CM: Central nervous system infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Handb Clin Neurol. 152:117-22, 2018
Wang ZD et al: Toxoplasma gondii infection in immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Microbiol. 8:389, 2017
Basavaraju A: Toxoplasmosis in HIV infection: an overview. Trop Parasitol. 6(2):129-35, 2016
Gottumukkala RV et al: Imaging of the brain in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 23(5):275-91, 2014
Ho EL et al: Central nervous system diseases due to opportunistic and coinfections. Semin Neurol. 34(1):61-9, 2014
Masamed R et al: Cerebral toxoplasmosis: case review and description of a new imaging sign. Clin Radiol. 64(5):560-3, 2009
Smith AB et al: From the archives of the AFIP: central nervous system infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(7):2033-58. Review. Erratum in: Radiographics. 29(2):638, 2009
Batra A et al: Magnetic resonance evaluation of cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Acta Radiol. 45(2):212-21, 2004
Pomper MG et al: Quantitative MR spectroscopic imaging of brain lesions in patients with AIDS: correlation with [11C-methyl]thymidine PET and thallium-201 SPECT. Acad Radiol. 9(4):398-409, 2002
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Toxoplasmosis encephalitis (TE)
Definitions
Opportunistic infection caused by ubiquitous intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii
Most common opportunistic CNS infection in HIV/AIDS
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Safarpour H et al: Global status of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in people living with HIV. AIDS. 34(3):469-74, 2020
Vidal JE: HIV-Related cerebral toxoplasmosis revisited: current concepts and controversies of an old disease. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 18:2325958219867315, 2019
Benson JC et al: Imaging features of neurotoxoplasmosis: a multiparametric approach, with emphasis on susceptibility-weighted imaging. Eur J Radiol Open. 5:45-51, 2018
Marra CM: Central nervous system infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Handb Clin Neurol. 152:117-22, 2018
Wang ZD et al: Toxoplasma gondii infection in immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Microbiol. 8:389, 2017
Basavaraju A: Toxoplasmosis in HIV infection: an overview. Trop Parasitol. 6(2):129-35, 2016
Gottumukkala RV et al: Imaging of the brain in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 23(5):275-91, 2014
Ho EL et al: Central nervous system diseases due to opportunistic and coinfections. Semin Neurol. 34(1):61-9, 2014
Masamed R et al: Cerebral toxoplasmosis: case review and description of a new imaging sign. Clin Radiol. 64(5):560-3, 2009
Smith AB et al: From the archives of the AFIP: central nervous system infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(7):2033-58. Review. Erratum in: Radiographics. 29(2):638, 2009
Batra A et al: Magnetic resonance evaluation of cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Acta Radiol. 45(2):212-21, 2004
Pomper MG et al: Quantitative MR spectroscopic imaging of brain lesions in patients with AIDS: correlation with [11C-methyl]thymidine PET and thallium-201 SPECT. Acad Radiol. 9(4):398-409, 2002
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