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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)
Synonyms
- Acute flaccid paralysis
- Poliomyelitis-like paralytic syndrome
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Kramer R et al: Acute flaccid myelitis caused by enterovirus D68: case definitions for use in clinical practice. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. ePub, 2019
- Messacar K et al: Enterovirus D68-associated acute flaccid myelitis: rising to the clinical and research challenges. JAMA. ePub, 2019
- Bitnun A et al: Acute flaccid paralysis and enteroviral infections. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 20(9):34, 2018
- Chong PF et al: Clinical features of acute flaccid myelitis temporally associated with an enterovirus D68 outbreak: results of a nationwide survey of acute flaccid paralysis in Japan, August-December 2015. Clin Infect Dis. 66(5):653-64, 2018
- Dyda A et al: The association between acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) - what is the evidence for causation? Euro Surveill. 23(3), 2018
- Messacar K et al: Enterovirus D68 and acute flaccid myelitis-evaluating the evidence for causality. Lancet Infect Dis. 18(8):e239-47, 2018
- Andersen EW et al: Acute flaccid myelitis in childhood: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Neurol. 24(8):1077-83, 2017
- Ben Achour N et al: Comment on 'Acute flaccid myelitis in childhood: a retrospective cohort study'. Eur J Neurol. 24(11):e81-2, 2017
- Bonwitt J et al: Acute flaccid myelitis among children - Washington, September-November 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 66(31):826-9, 2017
- Esposito S et al: Acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus-D68 infection in an otherwise healthy child. Virol J. 14(1):4, 2017
- Hopkins SE: Acute flaccid myelitis: Etiologic challenges, diagnostic and management considerations. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 19(12):48, 2017
- Makhani N et al: Abnormal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal in the internal capsule: a novel brain magnetic resonance imaging finding in a child with acute flaccid myelitis. Pediatr Neurol. 73:108-109, 2017
- Martin JA et al: Outcomes of Colorado children with acute flaccid myelitis at 1 year. Neurology. 89(2):129-37, 2017
- McCoy DB et al: MRI atlas-based measurement of spinal cord injury predicts outcome in acute flaccid myelitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 38(2):410-7, 2017
- Ruggieri V et al: Enterovirus D68 infection in a cluster of children with acute flaccid myelitis, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2016. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 21(6):884-90, 2017
- Wiznitzer M et al: Acute flaccid myelitis and enterovirus D68: déjà vu all over again. Neurology. 89(2):112-3, 2017
- Yoder JA et al: Pediatric acute flaccid paralysis: enterovirus D68-associated anterior myelitis. J Emerg Med. 53(1):e19-e23, 2017
- Aliabadi N et al: Enterovirus D68 infection in children with acute flaccid myelitis, Colorado, USA, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 22(8):1387-94, 2016
- Messacar K et al: Acute flaccid myelitis: a clinical review of US cases 2012-2015. Ann Neurol. 80(3):326-38, 2016
- Nelson GR et al: Recognition and management of acute flaccid myelitis in children. Pediatr Neurol. 55:17-21, 2016
- Sejvar JJ et al: Acute flaccid myelitis in the United States, August-December 2014: Results of Nationwide Surveillance. Clin Infect Dis. 63(6):737-45, 2016
- Maloney JA et al: MRI Findings in children with acute flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve dysfunction occurring during the 2014 enterovirus D68 outbreak. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. ePub, 2014
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)
Synonyms
- Acute flaccid paralysis
- Poliomyelitis-like paralytic syndrome
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Kramer R et al: Acute flaccid myelitis caused by enterovirus D68: case definitions for use in clinical practice. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. ePub, 2019
- Messacar K et al: Enterovirus D68-associated acute flaccid myelitis: rising to the clinical and research challenges. JAMA. ePub, 2019
- Bitnun A et al: Acute flaccid paralysis and enteroviral infections. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 20(9):34, 2018
- Chong PF et al: Clinical features of acute flaccid myelitis temporally associated with an enterovirus D68 outbreak: results of a nationwide survey of acute flaccid paralysis in Japan, August-December 2015. Clin Infect Dis. 66(5):653-64, 2018
- Dyda A et al: The association between acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) - what is the evidence for causation? Euro Surveill. 23(3), 2018
- Messacar K et al: Enterovirus D68 and acute flaccid myelitis-evaluating the evidence for causality. Lancet Infect Dis. 18(8):e239-47, 2018
- Andersen EW et al: Acute flaccid myelitis in childhood: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Neurol. 24(8):1077-83, 2017
- Ben Achour N et al: Comment on 'Acute flaccid myelitis in childhood: a retrospective cohort study'. Eur J Neurol. 24(11):e81-2, 2017
- Bonwitt J et al: Acute flaccid myelitis among children - Washington, September-November 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 66(31):826-9, 2017
- Esposito S et al: Acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus-D68 infection in an otherwise healthy child. Virol J. 14(1):4, 2017
- Hopkins SE: Acute flaccid myelitis: Etiologic challenges, diagnostic and management considerations. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 19(12):48, 2017
- Makhani N et al: Abnormal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal in the internal capsule: a novel brain magnetic resonance imaging finding in a child with acute flaccid myelitis. Pediatr Neurol. 73:108-109, 2017
- Martin JA et al: Outcomes of Colorado children with acute flaccid myelitis at 1 year. Neurology. 89(2):129-37, 2017
- McCoy DB et al: MRI atlas-based measurement of spinal cord injury predicts outcome in acute flaccid myelitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 38(2):410-7, 2017
- Ruggieri V et al: Enterovirus D68 infection in a cluster of children with acute flaccid myelitis, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2016. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 21(6):884-90, 2017
- Wiznitzer M et al: Acute flaccid myelitis and enterovirus D68: déjà vu all over again. Neurology. 89(2):112-3, 2017
- Yoder JA et al: Pediatric acute flaccid paralysis: enterovirus D68-associated anterior myelitis. J Emerg Med. 53(1):e19-e23, 2017
- Aliabadi N et al: Enterovirus D68 infection in children with acute flaccid myelitis, Colorado, USA, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 22(8):1387-94, 2016
- Messacar K et al: Acute flaccid myelitis: a clinical review of US cases 2012-2015. Ann Neurol. 80(3):326-38, 2016
- Nelson GR et al: Recognition and management of acute flaccid myelitis in children. Pediatr Neurol. 55:17-21, 2016
- Sejvar JJ et al: Acute flaccid myelitis in the United States, August-December 2014: Results of Nationwide Surveillance. Clin Infect Dis. 63(6):737-45, 2016
- Maloney JA et al: MRI Findings in children with acute flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve dysfunction occurring during the 2014 enterovirus D68 outbreak. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. ePub, 2014
