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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Synonyms
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
Definitions
Syndrome of acute respiratory failure caused by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Berlin criteria
Onset within 1 week of clinical insult or new/worsening respiratory symptoms
Chest radiography: Bilateral opacities (not explained by pleural effusion, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules)
PF ratio < 300 mm Hg with minimum of 5-cm H20 positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
PaO₂:FiO₂ = PF ratio: Ratio of arterial oxygen tension to fraction of inspired oxygen
Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure/fluid overload
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Tsuchiya N et al: Imaging findings of pulmonary edema: part 1. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acta Radiol. 61(2):184-94, 2020
Huppert LA et al: Pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 40(1):31-9, 2019
Reilly JP et al: Acute respiratory distress syndrome phenotypes. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 40(1):19-30, 2019
ARDS Definition Task Force et al: Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition. JAMA. 307(23):2526-33, 2012
Desai SR et al: Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by pulmonary and extrapulmonary injury: a comparative CT study. Radiology. 218(3):689-93, 2001
Puybasset L et al: Regional distribution of gas and tissue in acute respiratory distress syndrome. I. Consequences for lung morphology. CT Scan ARDS Study Group. Intensive Care Med. 26(7):857-69, 2000
Goodman LR et al: Adult respiratory distress syndrome due to pulmonary and extrapulmonary causes: CT, clinical, and functional correlations. Radiology. 213(2):545-52, 1999
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Synonyms
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
Definitions
Syndrome of acute respiratory failure caused by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Berlin criteria
Onset within 1 week of clinical insult or new/worsening respiratory symptoms
Chest radiography: Bilateral opacities (not explained by pleural effusion, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules)
PF ratio < 300 mm Hg with minimum of 5-cm H20 positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
PaO₂:FiO₂ = PF ratio: Ratio of arterial oxygen tension to fraction of inspired oxygen
Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure/fluid overload
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Tsuchiya N et al: Imaging findings of pulmonary edema: part 1. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acta Radiol. 61(2):184-94, 2020
Huppert LA et al: Pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 40(1):31-9, 2019
Reilly JP et al: Acute respiratory distress syndrome phenotypes. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 40(1):19-30, 2019
ARDS Definition Task Force et al: Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition. JAMA. 307(23):2526-33, 2012
Desai SR et al: Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by pulmonary and extrapulmonary injury: a comparative CT study. Radiology. 218(3):689-93, 2001
Puybasset L et al: Regional distribution of gas and tissue in acute respiratory distress syndrome. I. Consequences for lung morphology. CT Scan ARDS Study Group. Intensive Care Med. 26(7):857-69, 2000
Goodman LR et al: Adult respiratory distress syndrome due to pulmonary and extrapulmonary causes: CT, clinical, and functional correlations. Radiology. 213(2):545-52, 1999
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