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KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Benign adrenal cortical tumor
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Corwin MT et al: Differences in growth rate on CT of adrenal adenomas and malignant adrenal nodules. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 213(3):632-6, 2019
- Elbanan MG et al: Adrenal cortical adenoma: current update, imaging features, atypical findings, and mimics. Abdom Radiol (NY). ePub, 2019
- Hekimsoy İ et al: Characterization of adrenal lesions on chemical shift MRI: comparison of 1.5 T and 3 T MRI. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(10):3359-69, 2019
- Liu T et al: Distinguishing adrenal adenomas from non-adenomas with multidetector CT: evaluation of percentage washout values at a short time delay triphasic enhanced CT. Br J Radiol. 92(1094):20180429, 2019
- Platzek I et al: Chemical shift imaging for evaluation of adrenal masses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 29(2):806-17, 2019
- Humbert AL et al: The computed tomography adrenal wash-out analysis properly classifies cortisol secreting adrenocortical adenomas. Endocrine. 59(3):529-37, 2018
- Mohammed MF et al: Pheochromocytomas versus adenoma: role of venous phase CT enhancement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 210(5):1073-8, 2018
- Rocha TO et al: Histogram analysis of adrenal lesions with a single measurement for 10th percentile: feasibility and incremental value for diagnosing adenomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 211(6):1227-33, 2018
- Thomas AJ et al: Interobserver agreement in distinguishing large adrenal adenomas and adrenocortical carcinomas on computed tomography. Abdom Radiol (NY). 43(11):3101-8, 2018
- Tu W et al: Can adrenal adenomas be differentiated from adrenal metastases at single-phase contrast-enhanced CT? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 211(5):1044-50, 2018
- Woo S et al: Pheochromocytoma as a frequent false-positive in adrenal washout CT: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 28(3):1027-36, 2018
- Mosconi C et al: Can imaging predict subclinical cortisol secretion in patients with adrenal adenomas? A CT predictive score. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 209(1):122-9, 2017
- Schieda N et al: Update on CT and MRI of adrenal nodules. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1-12, 2017
- Wagner-Bartak NA et al: Cushing syndrome: diagnostic workup and imaging features, with clinical and pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 209(1):19-32, 2017
- Warda MH et al: Chemical-shift MRI versus washout CT for characterizing adrenal incidentalomas. Clin Imaging. 40(4):780-7, 2016
- Mileto A et al: Dual-energy multidetector CT for the characterization of incidental adrenal nodules: diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced material density analysis. Radiology. 274(2):445-54, 2015
- Koo HJ et al: The value of 15-minute delayed contrast-enhanced CT to differentiate hyperattenuating adrenal masses compared with chemical shift MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 24(6):1410-20, 2014
- Lattin GE Jr et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: adrenal tumors and tumor-like conditions in the adult: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 34(3):805-29, 2014
- Sebro R et al: Low yield of chemical shift MRI for characterization of adrenal lesions with high attenuation density on unenhanced CT. Abdom Imaging. 40(2):318-26 2014
- Seo JM et al: Characterization of lipid-poor adrenal adenoma: chemical-shift MRI and washout CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 202(5):1043-50, 2014
- Kim YK et al: Adenoma characterization: adrenal protocol with dual-energy CT. Radiology. 267(1):155-63, 2013
- Northcutt BG et al: MDCT of adrenal masses: can dual-phase enhancement patterns be used to differentiate adenoma and pheochromocytoma? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(4):834-9, 2013
- Nakamura S et al: Characterization of adrenal lesions using chemical shift MRI: comparison between 1.5 Tesla and two echo time pair selection at 3.0 Tesla MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 35(1):95-102, 2012
- Blake MA et al: Adrenal imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(6):1450-60, 2010
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Benign adrenal cortical tumor
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Corwin MT et al: Differences in growth rate on CT of adrenal adenomas and malignant adrenal nodules. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 213(3):632-6, 2019
- Elbanan MG et al: Adrenal cortical adenoma: current update, imaging features, atypical findings, and mimics. Abdom Radiol (NY). ePub, 2019
- Hekimsoy İ et al: Characterization of adrenal lesions on chemical shift MRI: comparison of 1.5 T and 3 T MRI. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(10):3359-69, 2019
- Liu T et al: Distinguishing adrenal adenomas from non-adenomas with multidetector CT: evaluation of percentage washout values at a short time delay triphasic enhanced CT. Br J Radiol. 92(1094):20180429, 2019
- Platzek I et al: Chemical shift imaging for evaluation of adrenal masses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 29(2):806-17, 2019
- Humbert AL et al: The computed tomography adrenal wash-out analysis properly classifies cortisol secreting adrenocortical adenomas. Endocrine. 59(3):529-37, 2018
- Mohammed MF et al: Pheochromocytomas versus adenoma: role of venous phase CT enhancement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 210(5):1073-8, 2018
- Rocha TO et al: Histogram analysis of adrenal lesions with a single measurement for 10th percentile: feasibility and incremental value for diagnosing adenomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 211(6):1227-33, 2018
- Thomas AJ et al: Interobserver agreement in distinguishing large adrenal adenomas and adrenocortical carcinomas on computed tomography. Abdom Radiol (NY). 43(11):3101-8, 2018
- Tu W et al: Can adrenal adenomas be differentiated from adrenal metastases at single-phase contrast-enhanced CT? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 211(5):1044-50, 2018
- Woo S et al: Pheochromocytoma as a frequent false-positive in adrenal washout CT: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 28(3):1027-36, 2018
- Mosconi C et al: Can imaging predict subclinical cortisol secretion in patients with adrenal adenomas? A CT predictive score. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 209(1):122-9, 2017
- Schieda N et al: Update on CT and MRI of adrenal nodules. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1-12, 2017
- Wagner-Bartak NA et al: Cushing syndrome: diagnostic workup and imaging features, with clinical and pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 209(1):19-32, 2017
- Warda MH et al: Chemical-shift MRI versus washout CT for characterizing adrenal incidentalomas. Clin Imaging. 40(4):780-7, 2016
- Mileto A et al: Dual-energy multidetector CT for the characterization of incidental adrenal nodules: diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced material density analysis. Radiology. 274(2):445-54, 2015
- Koo HJ et al: The value of 15-minute delayed contrast-enhanced CT to differentiate hyperattenuating adrenal masses compared with chemical shift MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 24(6):1410-20, 2014
- Lattin GE Jr et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: adrenal tumors and tumor-like conditions in the adult: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 34(3):805-29, 2014
- Sebro R et al: Low yield of chemical shift MRI for characterization of adrenal lesions with high attenuation density on unenhanced CT. Abdom Imaging. 40(2):318-26 2014
- Seo JM et al: Characterization of lipid-poor adrenal adenoma: chemical-shift MRI and washout CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 202(5):1043-50, 2014
- Kim YK et al: Adenoma characterization: adrenal protocol with dual-energy CT. Radiology. 267(1):155-63, 2013
- Northcutt BG et al: MDCT of adrenal masses: can dual-phase enhancement patterns be used to differentiate adenoma and pheochromocytoma? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(4):834-9, 2013
- Nakamura S et al: Characterization of adrenal lesions using chemical shift MRI: comparison between 1.5 Tesla and two echo time pair selection at 3.0 Tesla MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 35(1):95-102, 2012
- Blake MA et al: Adrenal imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(6):1450-60, 2010
