Ahmed AA et al: Adrenal cortical carcinoma: pathology, genomics, prognosis, imaging features, and mimics with impact on management. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(4):945-63, 2020
Dickson PV et al: Evaluation, staging, and surgical management for adrenocortical carcinoma: an update from the SSO Endocrine and Head and Neck Disease Site Working Group. Ann Surg Oncol. 25(12):3460-8, 2018
Mpaili E et al: Laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for localized/locally advanced primary adrenocortical carcinoma (ENSAT I-III) in adults: is margin-free resection the key surgical factor that dictates outcome? a review of the literature. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 28(4):408-14, 2018
Amin MB et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. Springer, 2017
Elsayes KM et al: Practical approach to adrenal imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 55(2):279-301, 2017
Shaaban AM et al: Fat-containing retroperitoneal lesions: imaging characteristics, localization, and differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 36(3):710-34, 2016
Wong KK et al: Molecular imaging in the management of adrenocortical cancer: a systematic review. Clin Nucl Med. 41(8):e368-82, 2016
Bharwani N et al: Adrenocortical carcinoma: the range of appearances on CT and MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(6):W706-14, 2011
Bauditz J et al: Improved detection of hepatic metastases of adrenocortical cancer by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Oncol Rep. 19(5):1135-9, 2008
Bilimoria KY et al: Adrenocortical carcinoma in the United States: treatment utilization and prognostic factors. Cancer. 113(11):3130-6, 2008
Fareau GG et al: Diagnostic challenges in adrenocortical carcinoma: recommendations for surveillance after surgical resection of selected adrenal nodules. Endocr Pract. 13(6):636-41, 2007
Leboulleux S et al: Diagnostic and prognostic value of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in adrenocortical carcinoma: a prospective comparison with computed tomography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91(3):920-5, 2006
Mackie GC et al: Use of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in evaluating locally recurrent and metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91(7):2665-71, 2006
Szolar DH et al: Adrenocortical carcinomas and adrenal pheochromocytomas: mass and enhancement loss evaluation at delayed contrast-enhanced CT. Radiology. 234(2):479-85, 2005
Elsayes KM et al: Adrenal masses: mr imaging features with pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 24 Suppl 1:S73-86, 2004
Aubert S et al: Weiss system revisited: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 49 adrenocortical tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 26(12):1612-9, 2002
Lockhart ME et al: Imaging of adrenal masses. Eur J Radiol. 41(2):95-112, 2002
Schlund JF et al: Adrenocortical carcinoma: MR imaging appearance with current techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging. 5(2):171-4, 1995
Dintenfass L: Blood-pressure and blood viscosity in coronary heart-disease. Lancet. 2(8097):993-4, 1978
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
OVERVIEW
General Comments
Classification
PATHOLOGY
Routes of Spread
General Features
Gross Pathology & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
IMAGING FINDINGS
Detection
Staging
Restaging
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Cancer Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment Options
REPORTING CHECKLIST
T Staging
N Staging
M Staging
Selected References
Ahmed AA et al: Adrenal cortical carcinoma: pathology, genomics, prognosis, imaging features, and mimics with impact on management. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(4):945-63, 2020
Dickson PV et al: Evaluation, staging, and surgical management for adrenocortical carcinoma: an update from the SSO Endocrine and Head and Neck Disease Site Working Group. Ann Surg Oncol. 25(12):3460-8, 2018
Mpaili E et al: Laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for localized/locally advanced primary adrenocortical carcinoma (ENSAT I-III) in adults: is margin-free resection the key surgical factor that dictates outcome? a review of the literature. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 28(4):408-14, 2018
Amin MB et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. Springer, 2017
Elsayes KM et al: Practical approach to adrenal imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 55(2):279-301, 2017
Shaaban AM et al: Fat-containing retroperitoneal lesions: imaging characteristics, localization, and differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 36(3):710-34, 2016
Wong KK et al: Molecular imaging in the management of adrenocortical cancer: a systematic review. Clin Nucl Med. 41(8):e368-82, 2016
Bharwani N et al: Adrenocortical carcinoma: the range of appearances on CT and MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(6):W706-14, 2011
Bauditz J et al: Improved detection of hepatic metastases of adrenocortical cancer by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Oncol Rep. 19(5):1135-9, 2008
Bilimoria KY et al: Adrenocortical carcinoma in the United States: treatment utilization and prognostic factors. Cancer. 113(11):3130-6, 2008
Fareau GG et al: Diagnostic challenges in adrenocortical carcinoma: recommendations for surveillance after surgical resection of selected adrenal nodules. Endocr Pract. 13(6):636-41, 2007
Leboulleux S et al: Diagnostic and prognostic value of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in adrenocortical carcinoma: a prospective comparison with computed tomography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91(3):920-5, 2006
Mackie GC et al: Use of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in evaluating locally recurrent and metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91(7):2665-71, 2006
Szolar DH et al: Adrenocortical carcinomas and adrenal pheochromocytomas: mass and enhancement loss evaluation at delayed contrast-enhanced CT. Radiology. 234(2):479-85, 2005
Elsayes KM et al: Adrenal masses: mr imaging features with pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 24 Suppl 1:S73-86, 2004
Aubert S et al: Weiss system revisited: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 49 adrenocortical tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 26(12):1612-9, 2002
Lockhart ME et al: Imaging of adrenal masses. Eur J Radiol. 41(2):95-112, 2002
Schlund JF et al: Adrenocortical carcinoma: MR imaging appearance with current techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging. 5(2):171-4, 1995
Dintenfass L: Blood-pressure and blood viscosity in coronary heart-disease. Lancet. 2(8097):993-4, 1978
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