Akbulut S et al: A critical analysis of computed tomography washout in lipid-poor adrenal incidentalomas. Ann Surg Oncol. 28(5):2756-62, 2021
McGeorge S et al: Solitary castrate-resistant prostate cancer metastasis to adrenal gland with concordant intense avidity on PSMA and FDG PET. Urol Case Rep. 38:101696, 2021
Zhao Q et al: 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in isolated bilateral adrenal metastases from prostate adenocarcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. ePub, 2021
Alshahrani MA et al: Bilateral adrenal abnormalities: imaging review of different entities. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(1):154-79, 2019
Byeon KH et al: Predictive factors for adrenal metastasis in extra-adrenal malignancy patients with solitary adrenal mass. J Surg Oncol. 118(8):1271-6, 2018
Elsayes KM et al: Practical approach to adrenal imaging. Urol Clin North Am. 45(3):365-87, 2018
van den Broek J et al: Adrenal incidentalomas during diagnostic work-up of colorectal cancer patients: what is the risk of metastases? Ann Surg Oncol. 25(7):1986-91, 2018
Schieda N et al: Update on CT and MRI of adrenal nodules. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1-12, 2017
Sasaguri K et al: Differentiation of benign from metastatic adrenal masses in patients with renal cell carcinoma on contrast-enhanced CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 207(5):1031-8, 2016
Hasegawa T et al: Unresectable adrenal metastases: clinical outcomes of radiofrequency ablation. Radiology. 277(2):584-93, 2015
Gunjur A et al: Surgical and ablative therapies for the management of adrenal 'oligometastases' - A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev. 40(7):838-46, 2014
Kandathil A et al: Metabolic and anatomic characteristics of benign and malignant adrenal masses on positron emission tomography/computed tomography: a review of literature. Endocrine. 49(1):6-26 2014
Lattin GE Jr et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: adrenal tumors and tumor-like conditions in the adult: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 34(3):805-29, 2014
Park SY et al: The value of adding (18)F-FDG PET/CT to adrenal protocol CT for characterizing adrenal metastasis (≥ 10 mm) in oncologic patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 202(2):W153-60, 2014
Choi YA et al: Evaluation of adrenal metastases from renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: use of delayed contrast-enhanced CT. Radiology. 266(2):514-20, 2013
Song JH et al: Morphologic features of 211 adrenal masses at initial contrast-enhanced CT: can we differentiate benign from malignant lesions using imaging features alone? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(6):1248-53, 2013
Song JH et al: The incidental adrenal mass on CT: Prevalence of adrenal disease in 1049 consecutive adrenal masses in patients with no known malignancy. AJR 190: 1163-8; 2008
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Akbulut S et al: A critical analysis of computed tomography washout in lipid-poor adrenal incidentalomas. Ann Surg Oncol. 28(5):2756-62, 2021
McGeorge S et al: Solitary castrate-resistant prostate cancer metastasis to adrenal gland with concordant intense avidity on PSMA and FDG PET. Urol Case Rep. 38:101696, 2021
Zhao Q et al: 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in isolated bilateral adrenal metastases from prostate adenocarcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. ePub, 2021
Alshahrani MA et al: Bilateral adrenal abnormalities: imaging review of different entities. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(1):154-79, 2019
Byeon KH et al: Predictive factors for adrenal metastasis in extra-adrenal malignancy patients with solitary adrenal mass. J Surg Oncol. 118(8):1271-6, 2018
Elsayes KM et al: Practical approach to adrenal imaging. Urol Clin North Am. 45(3):365-87, 2018
van den Broek J et al: Adrenal incidentalomas during diagnostic work-up of colorectal cancer patients: what is the risk of metastases? Ann Surg Oncol. 25(7):1986-91, 2018
Schieda N et al: Update on CT and MRI of adrenal nodules. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1-12, 2017
Sasaguri K et al: Differentiation of benign from metastatic adrenal masses in patients with renal cell carcinoma on contrast-enhanced CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 207(5):1031-8, 2016
Hasegawa T et al: Unresectable adrenal metastases: clinical outcomes of radiofrequency ablation. Radiology. 277(2):584-93, 2015
Gunjur A et al: Surgical and ablative therapies for the management of adrenal 'oligometastases' - A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev. 40(7):838-46, 2014
Kandathil A et al: Metabolic and anatomic characteristics of benign and malignant adrenal masses on positron emission tomography/computed tomography: a review of literature. Endocrine. 49(1):6-26 2014
Lattin GE Jr et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: adrenal tumors and tumor-like conditions in the adult: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 34(3):805-29, 2014
Park SY et al: The value of adding (18)F-FDG PET/CT to adrenal protocol CT for characterizing adrenal metastasis (≥ 10 mm) in oncologic patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 202(2):W153-60, 2014
Choi YA et al: Evaluation of adrenal metastases from renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: use of delayed contrast-enhanced CT. Radiology. 266(2):514-20, 2013
Song JH et al: Morphologic features of 211 adrenal masses at initial contrast-enhanced CT: can we differentiate benign from malignant lesions using imaging features alone? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(6):1248-53, 2013
Song JH et al: The incidental adrenal mass on CT: Prevalence of adrenal disease in 1049 consecutive adrenal masses in patients with no known malignancy. AJR 190: 1163-8; 2008
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