Sandström T et al: Cervical spine involvement is very rare in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated actively with treat to target strategy. ten-year results of the NEORACo Study. J Rheumatol. ePub, 2019
Gyllenhammar T et al: Young patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but not subjects at risk, show decreased myocardial perfusion reserve quantified with CMR. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 15(12):1350-7, 2014
Ichida F: Cardiovascular events in pregnancy with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circ J. 78(10):2386-7, 2014
Yurube T et al: Accelerated development of cervical spine instabilities in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective minimum 5-year cohort study. PLoS One. 9(2):e88970, 2014
Maron BJ et al: The 25-year genetic era in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: revisited. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 7(4):401-4, 2014
Landi A et al: Pannus regression after posterior decompression and occipito-cervical fixation in occipito-atlanto-axial instability due to rheumatoid arthritis: case report and literature review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 115(2):111-6, 2013
Choy E: Understanding the dynamics: pathways involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 51 Suppl 5:v3-v11, 2012
van Vollenhoven RF et al: Conventional combination treatment versus biological treatment in methotrexate-refractory early rheumatoid arthritis: 2 year follow-up of the randomised, non-blinded, parallel-group Swefot trial. Lancet. 379(9827):1712-20, 2012
Kwong Y et al: Craniometric measurements in the assessment of craniovertebral settling: are they still relevant in the age of cross-sectional imaging? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(4):W421-5, 2011
Myasoedova E et al: Lipid paradox in rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of serum lipid measures and systemic inflammation on the risk of cardiovascular disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 70(3):482-7, 2011
Saevarsdottir S et al: Predictors of response to methotrexate in early DMARD naive rheumatoid arthritis: results from the initial open-label phase of the SWEFOT trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 70(3):469-75, 2011
Aletaha D et al: 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 62(9):2569-81, 2010
Krauss WE et al: Rheumatoid arthritis of the craniovertebral junction. Neurosurgery. 66(3 Suppl):83-95, 2010
Wolfs JF et al: Neurologic outcome of surgical and conservative treatment of rheumatoid cervical spine subluxation: a systematic review. Arthritis Rheum. 61(12):1743-52, 2009
Goel A et al: Immediate postoperative regression of retroodontoid pannus after lateral mass reconstruction in a patient with rheumatoid disease of the craniovertebral junction. Case report. J Neurosurg Spine. 9(3):273-6, 2008
Kim DH et al: Rheumatoid arthritis in the cervical spine. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 13(7):463-74, 2005
Shen FH et al: Rheumatoid arthritis: evaluation and surgical management of the cervical spine. Spine J. 4(6):689-700, 2004
Neva MH et al: Early and extensive erosiveness in peripheral joints predicts atlantoaxial subluxations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 48(7):1808-13, 2003
Roche CJ et al: The rheumatoid cervical spine: signs of instability on plain cervical radiographs. Clin Radiol. 57(4):241-9, 2002
Riew KD et al: Diagnosing basilar invagination in the rheumatoid patient. The reliability of radiographic criteria. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 83-A(2):194-200, 2001
Riise T et al: High mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and atlantoaxial subluxation. J Rheumatol. 28(11):2425-9, 2001
Janssen H et al: MR imaging of arthritides of the cervical spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(3):491-512, 2000
Neva MH et al: Prevalence of radiological changes in the cervical spine--a cross sectional study after 20 years from presentation of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 27(1):90-3, 2000
Puttlitz CM et al: Biomechanical rationale for the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis in the craniovertebral junction. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 25(13):1607-16, 2000
Zoli A et al: Craniocervical junction involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and radiological study. J Rheumatol. 27(5):1178-82, 2000
El-Khoury GY et al: Cranial settling in rheumatoid arthritis. Radiology. 137(3):637-42, 1980
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Sandström T et al: Cervical spine involvement is very rare in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated actively with treat to target strategy. ten-year results of the NEORACo Study. J Rheumatol. ePub, 2019
Gyllenhammar T et al: Young patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but not subjects at risk, show decreased myocardial perfusion reserve quantified with CMR. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 15(12):1350-7, 2014
Ichida F: Cardiovascular events in pregnancy with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circ J. 78(10):2386-7, 2014
Yurube T et al: Accelerated development of cervical spine instabilities in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective minimum 5-year cohort study. PLoS One. 9(2):e88970, 2014
Maron BJ et al: The 25-year genetic era in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: revisited. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 7(4):401-4, 2014
Landi A et al: Pannus regression after posterior decompression and occipito-cervical fixation in occipito-atlanto-axial instability due to rheumatoid arthritis: case report and literature review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 115(2):111-6, 2013
Choy E: Understanding the dynamics: pathways involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 51 Suppl 5:v3-v11, 2012
van Vollenhoven RF et al: Conventional combination treatment versus biological treatment in methotrexate-refractory early rheumatoid arthritis: 2 year follow-up of the randomised, non-blinded, parallel-group Swefot trial. Lancet. 379(9827):1712-20, 2012
Kwong Y et al: Craniometric measurements in the assessment of craniovertebral settling: are they still relevant in the age of cross-sectional imaging? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(4):W421-5, 2011
Myasoedova E et al: Lipid paradox in rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of serum lipid measures and systemic inflammation on the risk of cardiovascular disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 70(3):482-7, 2011
Saevarsdottir S et al: Predictors of response to methotrexate in early DMARD naive rheumatoid arthritis: results from the initial open-label phase of the SWEFOT trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 70(3):469-75, 2011
Aletaha D et al: 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 62(9):2569-81, 2010
Krauss WE et al: Rheumatoid arthritis of the craniovertebral junction. Neurosurgery. 66(3 Suppl):83-95, 2010
Wolfs JF et al: Neurologic outcome of surgical and conservative treatment of rheumatoid cervical spine subluxation: a systematic review. Arthritis Rheum. 61(12):1743-52, 2009
Goel A et al: Immediate postoperative regression of retroodontoid pannus after lateral mass reconstruction in a patient with rheumatoid disease of the craniovertebral junction. Case report. J Neurosurg Spine. 9(3):273-6, 2008
Kim DH et al: Rheumatoid arthritis in the cervical spine. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 13(7):463-74, 2005
Shen FH et al: Rheumatoid arthritis: evaluation and surgical management of the cervical spine. Spine J. 4(6):689-700, 2004
Neva MH et al: Early and extensive erosiveness in peripheral joints predicts atlantoaxial subluxations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 48(7):1808-13, 2003
Roche CJ et al: The rheumatoid cervical spine: signs of instability on plain cervical radiographs. Clin Radiol. 57(4):241-9, 2002
Riew KD et al: Diagnosing basilar invagination in the rheumatoid patient. The reliability of radiographic criteria. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 83-A(2):194-200, 2001
Riise T et al: High mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and atlantoaxial subluxation. J Rheumatol. 28(11):2425-9, 2001
Janssen H et al: MR imaging of arthritides of the cervical spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(3):491-512, 2000
Neva MH et al: Prevalence of radiological changes in the cervical spine--a cross sectional study after 20 years from presentation of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 27(1):90-3, 2000
Puttlitz CM et al: Biomechanical rationale for the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis in the craniovertebral junction. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 25(13):1607-16, 2000
Zoli A et al: Craniocervical junction involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and radiological study. J Rheumatol. 27(5):1178-82, 2000
El-Khoury GY et al: Cranial settling in rheumatoid arthritis. Radiology. 137(3):637-42, 1980
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