Christine O. Menias, MD; Evis Sala, MD, PhD; Jo Hugil, MD
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM)
Definitions
Rare mesenchymal tumor that most commonly arises in vulvovaginal region, perineum, and pelvis
Very rarely arises directly from any pelvic or perineal organ
"Aggressive" emphasizes often infiltrative nature of tumor and its frequent association with local recurrence
Frequently misdiagnosed with more common entities, such as Bartholin cyst, lipoma, or hernia
Tumor often misdiagnosed before surgery, and its anatomical extent is frequently not perceived until resection
Metastases are exceedingly rare, and overall, prognosis is good
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Amin A et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva. J Obstet Gynaecol. 33(3):325-6, 2013
Bakhtiar UJ et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of vulva. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 23(7):507-8, 2013
Elkattah R et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: a précis for primary care providers. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2013:183725, 2013
Huang CC et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma: a small palpable vulvar lesion with a huge mass in the pelvis. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 17(1):75-8, 2013
Ichinokawa Y et al: Case of aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva. J Dermatol. 39(11):934-5, 2012
Dahiya K et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of vulva and vagina: a series of three cases and review of literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 283(5):1145-8, 2011
Lee CW et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva treated by using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: a case report. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 32(6):686-8, 2011
Obst M et al: [Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva presenting as a huge pedunculated tumor.] Ginekol Pol. 82(1):68-70, 2011
Gore GA et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of female vulva. Indian J Cancer. 47(3):352-4, 2010
Kato H et al: Magnetic resonance imaging findings of fibroepithelial polyp of the vulva: radiological-pathological correlation. Jpn J Radiol. 28(8):609-12, 2010
Nalini G et al: Fine needle aspiration cytology in a case of recurrent aggressive angiomyxoma of vulva. Cytopathology. 21(3):207-8, 2010
Sun NX et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: case report and literature review. J Int Med Res. 38(4):1547-52, 2010
Nava Flores EL et al: [Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva. Case report and literature review.] Ginecol Obstet Mex. 77(10):487-90, 2009
Sereda D et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: a case report and review of the literature. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 13(1):46-50, 2009
Varras M et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: our experience of a rare case with review of the literature. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 27(2):188-92, 2006
Abu JI et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the perineum. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 15(6):1097-100, 2005
Alobaid A et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva or perineum: report of three patients. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 27(11):1023-6, 2005
Dragoumis K et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva extending into the pelvis: report of two cases. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 31(4):310-3, 2005
Gungor T et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva and vagina. A common problem: misdiagnosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 112(1):114-6, 2004
Jeyadevan NN et al: Imaging features of aggressive angiomyxoma. Clin Radiol. 58(2):157-62, 2003
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM)
Definitions
Rare mesenchymal tumor that most commonly arises in vulvovaginal region, perineum, and pelvis
Very rarely arises directly from any pelvic or perineal organ
"Aggressive" emphasizes often infiltrative nature of tumor and its frequent association with local recurrence
Frequently misdiagnosed with more common entities, such as Bartholin cyst, lipoma, or hernia
Tumor often misdiagnosed before surgery, and its anatomical extent is frequently not perceived until resection
Metastases are exceedingly rare, and overall, prognosis is good
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Amin A et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva. J Obstet Gynaecol. 33(3):325-6, 2013
Bakhtiar UJ et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of vulva. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 23(7):507-8, 2013
Elkattah R et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: a précis for primary care providers. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2013:183725, 2013
Huang CC et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma: a small palpable vulvar lesion with a huge mass in the pelvis. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 17(1):75-8, 2013
Ichinokawa Y et al: Case of aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva. J Dermatol. 39(11):934-5, 2012
Dahiya K et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of vulva and vagina: a series of three cases and review of literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 283(5):1145-8, 2011
Lee CW et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva treated by using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: a case report. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 32(6):686-8, 2011
Obst M et al: [Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva presenting as a huge pedunculated tumor.] Ginekol Pol. 82(1):68-70, 2011
Gore GA et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of female vulva. Indian J Cancer. 47(3):352-4, 2010
Kato H et al: Magnetic resonance imaging findings of fibroepithelial polyp of the vulva: radiological-pathological correlation. Jpn J Radiol. 28(8):609-12, 2010
Nalini G et al: Fine needle aspiration cytology in a case of recurrent aggressive angiomyxoma of vulva. Cytopathology. 21(3):207-8, 2010
Sun NX et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: case report and literature review. J Int Med Res. 38(4):1547-52, 2010
Nava Flores EL et al: [Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva. Case report and literature review.] Ginecol Obstet Mex. 77(10):487-90, 2009
Sereda D et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: a case report and review of the literature. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 13(1):46-50, 2009
Varras M et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva: our experience of a rare case with review of the literature. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 27(2):188-92, 2006
Abu JI et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the perineum. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 15(6):1097-100, 2005
Alobaid A et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva or perineum: report of three patients. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 27(11):1023-6, 2005
Dragoumis K et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva extending into the pelvis: report of two cases. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 31(4):310-3, 2005
Gungor T et al: Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva and vagina. A common problem: misdiagnosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 112(1):114-6, 2004
Jeyadevan NN et al: Imaging features of aggressive angiomyxoma. Clin Radiol. 58(2):157-62, 2003
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