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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Alcohol [ethanol (EtOH)]
- Acute alcohol poisoning (AAP)
- Chronic alcoholic encephalopathy (CAE)
- Wernicke encephalopathy (WE)
- Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD)
Definitions
- Acute, subacute, or chronic toxic effects of EtOH, potent neurotoxin on CNS
- Can be primary (direct) or secondary (indirect)
- Primary (direct) effects of EtOH = neurotoxicity
- Cortical/cerebellar degeneration, peripheral polyneuropathy
- Secondary (indirect) effects
- Trauma, malnutrition, coagulopathy
- Primary (direct) effects of EtOH = neurotoxicity
- Rare treatable complication = WE
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Tian TY et al: Marchiafava Bignami Disease. StatPearls Publishing, 2020
- Fouarge E et al: [Neurological consequences of alcoholism.] Rev Med Liege. 74(5-6):310-3, 2019
- Hammoud N et al: Chronic neurologic effects of alcohol. Clin Liver Dis. 23(1):141-55, 2019
- Sinha S et al: Wernicke encephalopathy-clinical pearls. Mayo Clin Proc. 94(6):1065-72, 2019
- Harrison NL et al: Effects of acute alcohol on excitability in the CNS. Neuropharmacology. 122:36-45, 2017
- Dujmović I et al: Teaching NeuroImages: reversible widespread brain MRI lesions in Marchiafava-Bignami disease. Neurology. 84(11):e81-2, 2015
- de la Monte SM et al: Human alcohol-related neuropathology. Acta Neuropathol. 127(1):71-90, 2014
- Kim TE et al: Wernicke encephalopathy and ethanol-related syndromes. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 35(2):85-96, 2014
- Leon-Hernandez A et al: [Marchiafava-Bignami disease.] Rev Neurol. 58(11):516-7, 2014
- Manzo G et al: MR imaging findings in alcoholic and nonalcoholic acute Wernicke's encephalopathy: a review. Biomed Res Int. 2014:503596, 2014
- Wicklund MR et al: Brain MRI findings in Wernicke encephalopathy. Neurol Clin Pract. 3(4):363-4, 2013
- Francini-Pesenti F et al: Wernicke's syndrome during parenteral feeding: not an unusual complication. Nutrition. 25(2):142-6, 2009
- Sullivan EV et al: Neuroimaging of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol. 44(2):155-65, 2009
- Wobrock T et al: Effects of abstinence on brain morphology in alcoholism: a MRI study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 259(3):143-50, 2009
- Zuccoli G et al: MR imaging findings in 56 patients with Wernicke encephalopathy: nonalcoholics may differ from alcoholics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(1):171-6, 2009
- Hagiwara K et al: Extensive central and extrapontine myelinolysis in a case of chronic alcoholism without hyponatremia: a case report with analysis of serial MR findings. Intern Med. 47(5):431-5, 2008
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References
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Alcohol [ethanol (EtOH)]
- Acute alcohol poisoning (AAP)
- Chronic alcoholic encephalopathy (CAE)
- Wernicke encephalopathy (WE)
- Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD)
Definitions
- Acute, subacute, or chronic toxic effects of EtOH, potent neurotoxin on CNS
- Can be primary (direct) or secondary (indirect)
- Primary (direct) effects of EtOH = neurotoxicity
- Cortical/cerebellar degeneration, peripheral polyneuropathy
- Secondary (indirect) effects
- Trauma, malnutrition, coagulopathy
- Primary (direct) effects of EtOH = neurotoxicity
- Rare treatable complication = WE
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Tian TY et al: Marchiafava Bignami Disease. StatPearls Publishing, 2020
- Fouarge E et al: [Neurological consequences of alcoholism.] Rev Med Liege. 74(5-6):310-3, 2019
- Hammoud N et al: Chronic neurologic effects of alcohol. Clin Liver Dis. 23(1):141-55, 2019
- Sinha S et al: Wernicke encephalopathy-clinical pearls. Mayo Clin Proc. 94(6):1065-72, 2019
- Harrison NL et al: Effects of acute alcohol on excitability in the CNS. Neuropharmacology. 122:36-45, 2017
- Dujmović I et al: Teaching NeuroImages: reversible widespread brain MRI lesions in Marchiafava-Bignami disease. Neurology. 84(11):e81-2, 2015
- de la Monte SM et al: Human alcohol-related neuropathology. Acta Neuropathol. 127(1):71-90, 2014
- Kim TE et al: Wernicke encephalopathy and ethanol-related syndromes. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 35(2):85-96, 2014
- Leon-Hernandez A et al: [Marchiafava-Bignami disease.] Rev Neurol. 58(11):516-7, 2014
- Manzo G et al: MR imaging findings in alcoholic and nonalcoholic acute Wernicke's encephalopathy: a review. Biomed Res Int. 2014:503596, 2014
- Wicklund MR et al: Brain MRI findings in Wernicke encephalopathy. Neurol Clin Pract. 3(4):363-4, 2013
- Francini-Pesenti F et al: Wernicke's syndrome during parenteral feeding: not an unusual complication. Nutrition. 25(2):142-6, 2009
- Sullivan EV et al: Neuroimaging of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol. 44(2):155-65, 2009
- Wobrock T et al: Effects of abstinence on brain morphology in alcoholism: a MRI study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 259(3):143-50, 2009
- Zuccoli G et al: MR imaging findings in 56 patients with Wernicke encephalopathy: nonalcoholics may differ from alcoholics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(1):171-6, 2009
- Hagiwara K et al: Extensive central and extrapontine myelinolysis in a case of chronic alcoholism without hyponatremia: a case report with analysis of serial MR findings. Intern Med. 47(5):431-5, 2008
