Valvo F et al: Cancer of the anal region. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 135:115-27, 2019
Benson AB 3rd et al: Anal carcinoma, version 2.2018, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 16(7):852-71, 2018
Amin MB et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer New York, 2017
Granata V et al: Radiological assessment of anal cancer: an overview and update. Infect Agent Cancer. 11:52, 2016
Matalon SA et al: Anorectal cancer: critical anatomic and staging distinctions that affect use of radiation therapy. Radiographics. 35(7):2090-107, 2015
Tonolini M et al: Erratum to: MRI and CT of anal carcinoma: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging. 4(1):63, 2013
Kochhar R et al: Imaging of anal carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 199(3):W335-44, 2012
Engledow AH et al: The role of FDG PET/CT in the clinical management of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Colorectal Dis. 100(5):693-700, 2010
Goh V et al: Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal before and after chemoradiation: can MRI predict for eventual clinical outcome? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 78(3):715-21, 2010
Uronis HE et al: Anal cancer: an overview. Oncologist. 12(5):524-34, 2007
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
OVERVIEW
General Comments
Classification
PATHOLOGY
Routes of Spread
General Features
Gross Pathology & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
IMAGING FINDINGS
Detection
Staging
Restaging
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Cancer Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment Options
REPORTING CHECKLIST
T Staging
N Staging
M Staging
Selected References
Valvo F et al: Cancer of the anal region. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 135:115-27, 2019
Benson AB 3rd et al: Anal carcinoma, version 2.2018, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 16(7):852-71, 2018
Amin MB et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer New York, 2017
Granata V et al: Radiological assessment of anal cancer: an overview and update. Infect Agent Cancer. 11:52, 2016
Matalon SA et al: Anorectal cancer: critical anatomic and staging distinctions that affect use of radiation therapy. Radiographics. 35(7):2090-107, 2015
Tonolini M et al: Erratum to: MRI and CT of anal carcinoma: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging. 4(1):63, 2013
Kochhar R et al: Imaging of anal carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 199(3):W335-44, 2012
Engledow AH et al: The role of FDG PET/CT in the clinical management of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Colorectal Dis. 100(5):693-700, 2010
Goh V et al: Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal before and after chemoradiation: can MRI predict for eventual clinical outcome? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 78(3):715-21, 2010
Uronis HE et al: Anal cancer: an overview. Oncologist. 12(5):524-34, 2007
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