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Anconeus Epitrochlearis
Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACRAndrew Sonin, MD, FACR
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Definitions

              • Accessory muscle coursing from medial humeral epicondyle to medial olecranon, which may cause ulnar nerve compression
              • a.k.a. accessory anconeus
              • Arcuate ligament = retinaculum over cubital tunnel

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Radiographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Ultrasonographic Findings

                      • Imaging Recommendations

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                          • Presentation

                            • Demographics

                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                • Treatment

                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                  • Consider

                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                      • Reporting Tips

                                        Selected References

                                        1. Eng HY et al: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analysis of the cross-sectional areas of the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle, cubital tunnel, and ulnar nerve with the elbow in extension in patients with and without ulnar neuropathy. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 27(7):1306-10, 2018
                                        2. De Maeseneer M et al: Ultrasound of the elbow with emphasis on detailed assessment of ligaments, tendons, and nerves. Eur J Radiol. 84(4):671-81, 2015
                                        3. Morgenstein A et al: Anconeus epitrochlearis muscle causing dynamic cubital tunnel syndrome: a case series. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 41(2):227-9, 2014
                                        4. Nellans K et al: Ulnar neuropathy as a result of anconeus epitrochlearis. Orthopedics. 37(8):e743-5, 2014
                                        5. Li X et al: Anconeus epitrochlearis as a source of medial elbow pain in baseball pitchers. Orthopedics. 35(7):e1129-32, 2012
                                        6. Tiong WH et al: Ulnar nerve entrapment by anconeus epitrochlearis ligament. Hand Surg. 17(1):83-4, 2012
                                        7. Husarik DB et al: Elbow nerves: MR findings in 60 asymptomatic subjects--normal anatomy, variants, and pitfalls. Radiology. 252(1):148-56, 2009
                                        8. Jeon IH et al: MR imaging of edematous anconeus epitrochlearis: another cause of medial elbow pain? Skeletal Radiol. 34(2):103-7, 2005
                                        9. Okamoto M et al: Diagnostic ultrasonography of the ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg [Br]. 25(5):499-502, 2000
                                        10. Masear VR et al: Ulnar compression neuropathy secondary to the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle. J Hand Surg Am. 13(5):720-4, 1988
                                        11. Dahners LE et al: Anconeus epitrochlearis, a rare cause of cubital tunnel syndrome: a case report. J Hand Surg Am. 9(4):579-80, 1984
                                        Related Anatomy
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                                        Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                        References
                                        Tables

                                        Tables

                                        KEY FACTS

                                        • Terminology

                                          • Imaging

                                            • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                              • Clinical Issues

                                                • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                                  • Definitions

                                                    • Accessory muscle coursing from medial humeral epicondyle to medial olecranon, which may cause ulnar nerve compression
                                                    • a.k.a. accessory anconeus
                                                    • Arcuate ligament = retinaculum over cubital tunnel

                                                  IMAGING

                                                  • General Features

                                                    • Radiographic Findings

                                                      • CT Findings

                                                        • MR Findings

                                                          • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                            • Imaging Recommendations

                                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                • Presentation

                                                                  • Demographics

                                                                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                      • Treatment

                                                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                        • Consider

                                                                          • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                            • Reporting Tips

                                                                              Selected References

                                                                              1. Eng HY et al: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analysis of the cross-sectional areas of the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle, cubital tunnel, and ulnar nerve with the elbow in extension in patients with and without ulnar neuropathy. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 27(7):1306-10, 2018
                                                                              2. De Maeseneer M et al: Ultrasound of the elbow with emphasis on detailed assessment of ligaments, tendons, and nerves. Eur J Radiol. 84(4):671-81, 2015
                                                                              3. Morgenstein A et al: Anconeus epitrochlearis muscle causing dynamic cubital tunnel syndrome: a case series. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 41(2):227-9, 2014
                                                                              4. Nellans K et al: Ulnar neuropathy as a result of anconeus epitrochlearis. Orthopedics. 37(8):e743-5, 2014
                                                                              5. Li X et al: Anconeus epitrochlearis as a source of medial elbow pain in baseball pitchers. Orthopedics. 35(7):e1129-32, 2012
                                                                              6. Tiong WH et al: Ulnar nerve entrapment by anconeus epitrochlearis ligament. Hand Surg. 17(1):83-4, 2012
                                                                              7. Husarik DB et al: Elbow nerves: MR findings in 60 asymptomatic subjects--normal anatomy, variants, and pitfalls. Radiology. 252(1):148-56, 2009
                                                                              8. Jeon IH et al: MR imaging of edematous anconeus epitrochlearis: another cause of medial elbow pain? Skeletal Radiol. 34(2):103-7, 2005
                                                                              9. Okamoto M et al: Diagnostic ultrasonography of the ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg [Br]. 25(5):499-502, 2000
                                                                              10. Masear VR et al: Ulnar compression neuropathy secondary to the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle. J Hand Surg Am. 13(5):720-4, 1988
                                                                              11. Dahners LE et al: Anconeus epitrochlearis, a rare cause of cubital tunnel syndrome: a case report. J Hand Surg Am. 9(4):579-80, 1984