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Spine
Diagnosis
Degenerative Diseases and Arthritides
Inflammatory, Crystalline, and Miscellaneous Arthritides
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Imaging

    • Top Differential Diagnoses

      • Pathology

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Spondyloarthropathy (SpA); sacroiliac joint (SIJ)

            • Definitions

              • Syndesmophyte: Vertically oriented paraspinous ligamentous or disc ossification bridging 2 adjacent vertebral bodies

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Radiographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Imaging Recommendations

                      • Imaging of Trauma in Ankylosing Spondylitis

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • General Features

                            • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Treatment

                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                  • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                    Selected References

                                    1. Ward MM et al: 2019 Update of the American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network recommendations for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 71(10):1599-613, 2019
                                    2. Ranganathan V et al: Pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis - recent advances and future directions. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 13(6):359-67, 2017
                                    3. Taurog JD et al: Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis. N Engl J Med. 374(26):2563-74, 2016
                                    4. Navallas M et al: Sacroiliitis associated with axial spondyloarthropathy: new concepts and latest trends. Radiographics. 33(4):933-56, 2013
                                    5. Bochkova AG et al: Spinal inflammation lesions as detected by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with early ankylosing spondylitis are more often observed in posterior structures of the spine. Rheumatology (Oxford). 49(4):749-55, 2010
                                    6. Campagna R et al: Fractures of the ankylosed spine: MDCT and MRI with emphasis on individual anatomic spinal structures. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(4):987-95, 2009
                                    7. Koivikko MP et al: MRI of cervical spine injuries complicating ankylosing spondylitis. Skeletal Radiol. 37(9):813-9, 2008
                                    8. Braun J et al: Ankylosing spondylitis. Lancet. 369(9570):1379-90, 2007
                                    9. Muche B et al: Anatomic structures involved in early- and late-stage sacroiliitis in spondylarthritis: a detailed analysis by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum. 48(5):1374-84, 2003
                                    Related Anatomy
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                                    Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                    References
                                    Tables

                                    Tables

                                    KEY FACTS

                                    • Imaging

                                      • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                        • Pathology

                                          • Clinical Issues

                                            • Diagnostic Checklist

                                              TERMINOLOGY

                                              • Abbreviations

                                                • Spondyloarthropathy (SpA); sacroiliac joint (SIJ)

                                              • Definitions

                                                • Syndesmophyte: Vertically oriented paraspinous ligamentous or disc ossification bridging 2 adjacent vertebral bodies

                                              IMAGING

                                              • General Features

                                                • Radiographic Findings

                                                  • CT Findings

                                                    • MR Findings

                                                      • Imaging Recommendations

                                                        • Imaging of Trauma in Ankylosing Spondylitis

                                                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                            PATHOLOGY

                                                            • General Features

                                                              • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                • Presentation

                                                                  • Treatment

                                                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                      Selected References

                                                                      1. Ward MM et al: 2019 Update of the American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network recommendations for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 71(10):1599-613, 2019
                                                                      2. Ranganathan V et al: Pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis - recent advances and future directions. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 13(6):359-67, 2017
                                                                      3. Taurog JD et al: Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis. N Engl J Med. 374(26):2563-74, 2016
                                                                      4. Navallas M et al: Sacroiliitis associated with axial spondyloarthropathy: new concepts and latest trends. Radiographics. 33(4):933-56, 2013
                                                                      5. Bochkova AG et al: Spinal inflammation lesions as detected by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with early ankylosing spondylitis are more often observed in posterior structures of the spine. Rheumatology (Oxford). 49(4):749-55, 2010
                                                                      6. Campagna R et al: Fractures of the ankylosed spine: MDCT and MRI with emphasis on individual anatomic spinal structures. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(4):987-95, 2009
                                                                      7. Koivikko MP et al: MRI of cervical spine injuries complicating ankylosing spondylitis. Skeletal Radiol. 37(9):813-9, 2008
                                                                      8. Braun J et al: Ankylosing spondylitis. Lancet. 369(9570):1379-90, 2007
                                                                      9. Muche B et al: Anatomic structures involved in early- and late-stage sacroiliitis in spondylarthritis: a detailed analysis by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum. 48(5):1374-84, 2003