Intramural hematoma: Isolated circumferential or crescentic thickening of aortic wall without intimal injury
Intimal tear: Small, isolated injury to intimal layer of aorta without external aortic contour abnormality → linear intimal defect &/or associated thrombus < 10 mm
Large intimal flap: Larger intimal injury than tear but still without external aortic contour abnormality → linear intimal defect &/or associated thrombus > 10 mm
Pseudoaneurysm: Rupture contained by adventitia → focal outpouching of aortic lumen causing external aortic contour abnormality
Mouawad NJ et al: Blunt thoracic aortic injury - concepts and management. J Cardiothorac Surg. 15(1):62, 2020
Nicholas NW et al: Pictorial review on the endovascular management of paediatric aortic injuries. Br J Radiol. 93(1106):20190017, 2020
Akhmerov A et al: Blunt thoracic aortic injury: current therapies, outcomes, and challenges. Ann Vasc Dis. 12(1):1-5, 2019
Hasjim BJ et al: National trends of thoracic endovascular aortic repair versus open thoracic aortic repair in pediatric blunt thoracic aortic injury. Ann Vasc Surg. 59:150-7, 2019
Scalea TM et al: Blunt Thoracic aortic injury: endovascular repair is now the standard. J Am Coll Surg. 228(4):605-10, 2019
Golden J et al: Limiting chest computed tomography in the evaluation of pediatric thoracic trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 81(2):271-7, 2016
Gutierrez A et al: The utility of chest X-ray as a screening tool for blunt thoracic aortic injury. Injury. 47(1):32-6, 2016
Heneghan RE et al: Call for a new classification system and treatment strategy in blunt aortic injury. J Vasc Surg. 64(1):171-6, 2016
Brinkman AS et al: Evolution in management of adolescent blunt aortic injuries--a single institution 22-y experience. J Surg Res. 193(2):523-7, 2015
Tashiro J et al: Mechanism and mortality of pediatric aortic injuries. J Surg Res. 198(2):456-61, 2015
Starnes BW et al: A new classification scheme for treating blunt aortic injury. J Vasc Surg. 55(1):47-54, 2012
Aladham F et al: Traumatic aortic injury: computerized tomographic findings at presentation and after conservative therapy. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 34(3):388-94, 2010
Barmparas G et al: Pediatric vs adult vascular trauma: a National Trauma Databank review. J Pediatr Surg. 45(7):1404-12, 2010
Pabon-Ramos WM et al: Radiologic evaluation of blunt thoracic aortic injury in pediatric patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(5):1197-203, 2010
Moore MA et al: The imaging of paediatric thoracic trauma. Pediatr Radiol. 39(5):485-96, 2009
Takagi H et al: Endovascular versus open repair for blunt thoracic aortic injury. Ann Thorac Surg. 87(1):349-50, 2009
Bruckner BA et al: Critical evaluation of chest computed tomography scans for blunt descending thoracic aortic injury. Ann Thorac Surg. 81(4):1339-46, 2006
Murala JS et al: Traumatic rupture of the aorta in children--stenting or surgical intervention? A word of caution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 132(3):731-2; author reply 732, 2006
Heckman SR et al: Risk factors for blunt thoracic aortic injury in children. J Pediatr Surg. 40(1):98-102, 2005
Milas ZL et al: Pediatric blunt trauma resulting in major arterial injuries. Am Surg. 70(5):443-7, 2004
McGwin G Jr et al: Incidence and characteristics of motor vehicle collision-related blunt thoracic aortic injury according to age. J Trauma. 52(5):859-65; discussion 865-6, 2002
Lowe LH et al: Traumatic aortic injuries in children: radiologic evaluation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(1):39-42, 1998
Intramural hematoma: Isolated circumferential or crescentic thickening of aortic wall without intimal injury
Intimal tear: Small, isolated injury to intimal layer of aorta without external aortic contour abnormality → linear intimal defect &/or associated thrombus < 10 mm
Large intimal flap: Larger intimal injury than tear but still without external aortic contour abnormality → linear intimal defect &/or associated thrombus > 10 mm
Pseudoaneurysm: Rupture contained by adventitia → focal outpouching of aortic lumen causing external aortic contour abnormality
Mouawad NJ et al: Blunt thoracic aortic injury - concepts and management. J Cardiothorac Surg. 15(1):62, 2020
Nicholas NW et al: Pictorial review on the endovascular management of paediatric aortic injuries. Br J Radiol. 93(1106):20190017, 2020
Akhmerov A et al: Blunt thoracic aortic injury: current therapies, outcomes, and challenges. Ann Vasc Dis. 12(1):1-5, 2019
Hasjim BJ et al: National trends of thoracic endovascular aortic repair versus open thoracic aortic repair in pediatric blunt thoracic aortic injury. Ann Vasc Surg. 59:150-7, 2019
Scalea TM et al: Blunt Thoracic aortic injury: endovascular repair is now the standard. J Am Coll Surg. 228(4):605-10, 2019
Golden J et al: Limiting chest computed tomography in the evaluation of pediatric thoracic trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 81(2):271-7, 2016
Gutierrez A et al: The utility of chest X-ray as a screening tool for blunt thoracic aortic injury. Injury. 47(1):32-6, 2016
Heneghan RE et al: Call for a new classification system and treatment strategy in blunt aortic injury. J Vasc Surg. 64(1):171-6, 2016
Brinkman AS et al: Evolution in management of adolescent blunt aortic injuries--a single institution 22-y experience. J Surg Res. 193(2):523-7, 2015
Tashiro J et al: Mechanism and mortality of pediatric aortic injuries. J Surg Res. 198(2):456-61, 2015
Starnes BW et al: A new classification scheme for treating blunt aortic injury. J Vasc Surg. 55(1):47-54, 2012
Aladham F et al: Traumatic aortic injury: computerized tomographic findings at presentation and after conservative therapy. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 34(3):388-94, 2010
Barmparas G et al: Pediatric vs adult vascular trauma: a National Trauma Databank review. J Pediatr Surg. 45(7):1404-12, 2010
Pabon-Ramos WM et al: Radiologic evaluation of blunt thoracic aortic injury in pediatric patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(5):1197-203, 2010
Moore MA et al: The imaging of paediatric thoracic trauma. Pediatr Radiol. 39(5):485-96, 2009
Takagi H et al: Endovascular versus open repair for blunt thoracic aortic injury. Ann Thorac Surg. 87(1):349-50, 2009
Bruckner BA et al: Critical evaluation of chest computed tomography scans for blunt descending thoracic aortic injury. Ann Thorac Surg. 81(4):1339-46, 2006
Murala JS et al: Traumatic rupture of the aorta in children--stenting or surgical intervention? A word of caution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 132(3):731-2; author reply 732, 2006
Heckman SR et al: Risk factors for blunt thoracic aortic injury in children. J Pediatr Surg. 40(1):98-102, 2005
Milas ZL et al: Pediatric blunt trauma resulting in major arterial injuries. Am Surg. 70(5):443-7, 2004
McGwin G Jr et al: Incidence and characteristics of motor vehicle collision-related blunt thoracic aortic injury according to age. J Trauma. 52(5):859-65; discussion 865-6, 2002
Lowe LH et al: Traumatic aortic injuries in children: radiologic evaluation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(1):39-42, 1998
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