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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Intramural hematoma (IMH)
Definitions
Acute aortic syndrome comprises aortic dissection (AD), incomplete AD (ID), penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU), and IMH
IMH (or class 2 AD)
Absent or very small entrance tear and absent reentrance tear
a.k.a. noncommunicating dissection
PAU (or class 4 AD)
Ulcerated atherosclerotic lesion that penetrates internal elastic lamina
± IMH
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Gutschow SE et al: Emerging concepts in intramural hematoma imaging. Radiographics. 36(3):660-74, 2016
Valente T et al: MDCT distinguishing features of focal aortic projections (FAP) in acute clinical settings. Radiol Med. 120(1):50-72, 2015
Akin I et al: Penetrating aortic ulcer, intramural hematoma, acute aortic syndrome: when to do what. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 53(1 Suppl 1):83-90, 2012
Harris KM et al: Acute aortic intramural hematoma: an analysis from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection. Circulation. 126(11 Suppl 1):S91-6, 2012
Kitai T et al: Detection of intimal defect by 64-row multidetector computed tomography in patients with acute aortic intramural hematoma. Circulation. 124(11 Suppl):S174-8, 2011
Wu MT et al: Intramural blood pools accompanying aortic intramural hematoma: CT appearance and natural course. Radiology. 258(3):705-13, 2011
Vilacosta I et al: Acute aortic syndrome: a new look at an old conundrum. Postgrad Med J. 86(1011):52-61, 2010
Wu MT et al: Images in cardiovascular medicine. Multislice computed tomography of aortic intramural hematoma with progressive intercostal artery tears: the Chinese ring-sword sign. Circulation. 111(5):e92-3, 2005
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Intramural hematoma (IMH)
Definitions
Acute aortic syndrome comprises aortic dissection (AD), incomplete AD (ID), penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU), and IMH
IMH (or class 2 AD)
Absent or very small entrance tear and absent reentrance tear
a.k.a. noncommunicating dissection
PAU (or class 4 AD)
Ulcerated atherosclerotic lesion that penetrates internal elastic lamina
± IMH
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Gutschow SE et al: Emerging concepts in intramural hematoma imaging. Radiographics. 36(3):660-74, 2016
Valente T et al: MDCT distinguishing features of focal aortic projections (FAP) in acute clinical settings. Radiol Med. 120(1):50-72, 2015
Akin I et al: Penetrating aortic ulcer, intramural hematoma, acute aortic syndrome: when to do what. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 53(1 Suppl 1):83-90, 2012
Harris KM et al: Acute aortic intramural hematoma: an analysis from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection. Circulation. 126(11 Suppl 1):S91-6, 2012
Kitai T et al: Detection of intimal defect by 64-row multidetector computed tomography in patients with acute aortic intramural hematoma. Circulation. 124(11 Suppl):S174-8, 2011
Wu MT et al: Intramural blood pools accompanying aortic intramural hematoma: CT appearance and natural course. Radiology. 258(3):705-13, 2011
Vilacosta I et al: Acute aortic syndrome: a new look at an old conundrum. Postgrad Med J. 86(1011):52-61, 2010
Wu MT et al: Images in cardiovascular medicine. Multislice computed tomography of aortic intramural hematoma with progressive intercostal artery tears: the Chinese ring-sword sign. Circulation. 111(5):e92-3, 2005
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