Spectrum of aortic valve abnormalities that ranges from asymptomatic bicuspid aortic valve to thickened, obstructing aortic valve stenosis to severe neonatal aortic atresia & hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
AS may be valvar, supravalvar, or subvalvar (subaortic)
Valvar stenosis most common at 80%
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Antequera-González B et al: Bicuspid aortic valve and endothelial dysfunction: current evidence and potential therapeutic targets. Front Physiol. 11:1015, 2020
Mylonas KS et al: Rapid right ventricular pacing for balloon valvuloplasty in congenital aortic stenosis: a systematic review. World J Cardiol. 12(11):540-9, 2020
Correction: Diagnosis, imaging and clinical management of aortic coarctation. Heart. 105(14):e6, 2019
Ancona MB et al: Impact of ascending aorta dilation on mid-term outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Invasive Cardiol. 31(10):278-81, 2019
De Rubeis G et al: Aortic valvular imaging with cardiovascular magnetic resonance: seeking for comprehensiveness. Br J Radiol. 92(1101):20170868, 2019
Lee JC et al: Evaluation of aortic regurgitation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review. Heart. 104(2):103-10, 2018
Guner A et al: Evaluation of the congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis by different imaging modalities. Echocardiography. 34(9):1376-8, 2017
Opotowsky AR et al: Imaging adult patients with discrete subvalvar aortic stenosis. Curr Opin Cardiol. 32(5):513-20, 2017
Ren X et al: The significance of aortic valve calcification in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 32(3):471-8, 2016
Looi JL et al: Morphology of congenital and acquired aortic valve disease by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Radiol. 84(11):2144-54, 2015
Dusenbery SM et al: Myocardial extracellular remodeling is associated with ventricular diastolic dysfunction in children and young adults with congenital aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 63(17):1778-85, 2014
Printz BF: The 30-year road of noninvasive imaging for congenital aortic stenosis: new insights from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 63(17):1786-7, 2014
Wassmuth R et al: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of congenital bicuspid aortic valves and associated aortic pathologies in adults. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 15(6):673-9, 2014
Tanaka R et al: Diagnostic value of cardiac CT in the evaluation of bicuspid aortic stenosis: comparison with echocardiography and operative findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195(4):895-9, 2010
Yuan J et al: Follow-up by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who underwent percutaneous ventricular septal ablation. Am J Cardiol. 106(10):1487-91, 2010
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Aortic stenosis (AS)
Synonyms
Aortic valvar stenosis, aortic valvular stenosis
Definitions
Spectrum of aortic valve abnormalities that ranges from asymptomatic bicuspid aortic valve to thickened, obstructing aortic valve stenosis to severe neonatal aortic atresia & hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
AS may be valvar, supravalvar, or subvalvar (subaortic)
Valvar stenosis most common at 80%
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Antequera-González B et al: Bicuspid aortic valve and endothelial dysfunction: current evidence and potential therapeutic targets. Front Physiol. 11:1015, 2020
Mylonas KS et al: Rapid right ventricular pacing for balloon valvuloplasty in congenital aortic stenosis: a systematic review. World J Cardiol. 12(11):540-9, 2020
Correction: Diagnosis, imaging and clinical management of aortic coarctation. Heart. 105(14):e6, 2019
Ancona MB et al: Impact of ascending aorta dilation on mid-term outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Invasive Cardiol. 31(10):278-81, 2019
De Rubeis G et al: Aortic valvular imaging with cardiovascular magnetic resonance: seeking for comprehensiveness. Br J Radiol. 92(1101):20170868, 2019
Lee JC et al: Evaluation of aortic regurgitation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review. Heart. 104(2):103-10, 2018
Guner A et al: Evaluation of the congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis by different imaging modalities. Echocardiography. 34(9):1376-8, 2017
Opotowsky AR et al: Imaging adult patients with discrete subvalvar aortic stenosis. Curr Opin Cardiol. 32(5):513-20, 2017
Ren X et al: The significance of aortic valve calcification in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 32(3):471-8, 2016
Looi JL et al: Morphology of congenital and acquired aortic valve disease by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Radiol. 84(11):2144-54, 2015
Dusenbery SM et al: Myocardial extracellular remodeling is associated with ventricular diastolic dysfunction in children and young adults with congenital aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 63(17):1778-85, 2014
Printz BF: The 30-year road of noninvasive imaging for congenital aortic stenosis: new insights from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 63(17):1786-7, 2014
Wassmuth R et al: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of congenital bicuspid aortic valves and associated aortic pathologies in adults. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 15(6):673-9, 2014
Tanaka R et al: Diagnostic value of cardiac CT in the evaluation of bicuspid aortic stenosis: comparison with echocardiography and operative findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195(4):895-9, 2010
Yuan J et al: Follow-up by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who underwent percutaneous ventricular septal ablation. Am J Cardiol. 106(10):1487-91, 2010
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