Acute appendiceal inflammation due to luminal obstruction and superimposed infection
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Mahankali SK et al: CT based acute appendicitis severity index for acute appendicitis and validate its effectiveness in predicting complicated appendicitis. Emerg Radiol. ePub, 2021
Kave M et al: Pregnancy and appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the clinical use of MRI in diagnosis of appendicitis in pregnant women. World J Emerg Surg. 14:37, 2019
Mervak BM et al: MRI in pregnancy: indications and practical considerations. J Magn Reson Imaging. 49(3):621-31, 2019
Mervak BM et al: MRI of acute appendicitis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 50(5):1367-76, 2019
Poletti PA et al: Suspicion of appendicitis in pregnant women: emergency evaluation by sonography and low-dose CT with oral contrast. Eur Radiol. 29(1):345-52, 2019
Quadri R et al: Comprehensive review of typical and atypical pathology of the appendix on CT: cases with clinical implications. Clin Imaging. 53:65-77, 2019
Rud B et al: Computed tomography for diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019(11), 2019
Tang SJ et al: Positive oral contrast solution at MDCT for suspected acute appendicitis in adults: rate of appendiceal luminal filling of normal and inflamed appendixes. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1-7, 2019
Tyler PD et al: The potential role of ultrasound in the work-up of appendicitis in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 56(2):191-6, 2019
Expert Panel on Gastrointestinal Imaging et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® right lower quadrant pain-suspected appendicitis. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(11S):S373-87, 2018
Shin I et al: Optimisation of the MR protocol in pregnant women with suspected acute appendicitis. Eur Radiol. 28(2):514-21, 2018
Kinner S et al: Diagnostic accuracy of MRI versus CT for the evaluation of acute appendicitis in children and young adults. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 209(4):911-19, 2017
Yun SJ et al: Comparison of low- and standard-dose CT for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: A meta-analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 208(6):W198-207, 2017
Hines JJ et al: Beyond appendicitis; radiologic review of unusual and rare pathology of the appendix. Abdom Radiol (NY). 41(3):568-81, 2016
Bhangu A et al: Acute appendicitis: modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet. 386(10000):1278-87, 2015
Kim Y et al: Increasing utilization of abdominal CT in the emergency department of a secondary care center: does it produce better outcomes in caring for pediatric surgical patients? Ann Surg Treat Res. 87(5):239-44, 2014
Smith MP et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® right lower quadrant pain-suspected appendicitis. Ultrasound Q. 31(2):85-91, 2014
Garcia K et al: Suspected appendicitis in children: diagnostic importance of normal abdominopelvic CT findings with nonvisualized appendix. Radiology. 250(2):531-7, 2009
Wan MJ et al: Acute appendicitis in young children: cost-effectiveness of US versus CT in diagnosis--a Markov decision analytic model. Radiology. 250(2):378-86, 2009
Brown MA: Imaging acute appendicitis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 29(5):293-307, 2008
Singh AK et al: Dropped appendicolith: CT findings and implications for management. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(3):707-11, 2008
van Randen A et al: Acute appendicitis: meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of CT and graded compression US related to prevalence of disease. Radiology. 249(1):97-106, 2008
Doria AS et al: US or CT for diagnosis of appendicitis in children and adults? A meta-analysis. Radiology. 241(1):83-94, 2006
Oto A et al: Right-lower-quadrant pain and suspected appendicitis in pregnant women: evaluation with MR imaging--initial experience. Radiology. 234(2):445-51, 2005
Paulson EK et al: Acute appendicitis: added diagnostic value of coronal reformations from isotropic voxels at multi-detector row CT. Radiology. 235(3):879-85, 2005
Andersson RE: Meta-analysis of the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of appendicitis. Br J Surg. 91(1):28-37, 2004
Kessler N et al: Appendicitis: evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of US, Doppler US, and laboratory findings. Radiology. 230(2):472-8, 2004
Horrow MM et al: Differentiation of perforated from nonperforated appendicitis at CT. Radiology. 227(1):46-51, 2003
Jacobs JE et al: CT imaging in acute appendicitis: techniques and controversies. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 24(2):96-100, 2003
Lee JH: Sonography of acute appendicitis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 24(2):83-90, 2003
Macari M et al: The acute right lower quadrant: CT evaluation. Radiol Clin North Am. 41(6):1117-36, 2003
Neumayer L et al: Imaging in appendicitis: a review with special emphasis on the treatment of women. Obstet Gynecol. 102(6):1404-9, 2003
O'Malley ME et al: US of gastrointestinal tract abnormalities with CT correlation. Radiographics. 23(1):59-72, 2003
Paulson EK et al: Clinical practice. Suspected appendicitis. N Engl J Med. 348(3):236-42, 2003
Puylaert JB: Ultrasonography of the acute abdomen: gastrointestinal conditions. Radiol Clin North Am. 41(6):1227-42, vii, 2003
Wijetunga R et al: The CT diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 24(2):101-6, 2003
Bendeck SE et al: Imaging for suspected appendicitis: negative appendectomy and perforation rates. Radiology. 225(1):131-6, 2002
Callahan MJ et al: CT of appendicitis in children. Radiology. 224(2):325-32, 2002
Raman SS et al: Accuracy of nonfocused helical CT for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a 5-year review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(6):1319-25, 2002
Jones PF: Suspected acute appendicitis: trends in management over 30 years. Br J Surg. 88(12):1570-7, 2001
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Acute appendiceal inflammation due to luminal obstruction and superimposed infection
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Mahankali SK et al: CT based acute appendicitis severity index for acute appendicitis and validate its effectiveness in predicting complicated appendicitis. Emerg Radiol. ePub, 2021
Kave M et al: Pregnancy and appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the clinical use of MRI in diagnosis of appendicitis in pregnant women. World J Emerg Surg. 14:37, 2019
Mervak BM et al: MRI in pregnancy: indications and practical considerations. J Magn Reson Imaging. 49(3):621-31, 2019
Mervak BM et al: MRI of acute appendicitis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 50(5):1367-76, 2019
Poletti PA et al: Suspicion of appendicitis in pregnant women: emergency evaluation by sonography and low-dose CT with oral contrast. Eur Radiol. 29(1):345-52, 2019
Quadri R et al: Comprehensive review of typical and atypical pathology of the appendix on CT: cases with clinical implications. Clin Imaging. 53:65-77, 2019
Rud B et al: Computed tomography for diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019(11), 2019
Tang SJ et al: Positive oral contrast solution at MDCT for suspected acute appendicitis in adults: rate of appendiceal luminal filling of normal and inflamed appendixes. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1-7, 2019
Tyler PD et al: The potential role of ultrasound in the work-up of appendicitis in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 56(2):191-6, 2019
Expert Panel on Gastrointestinal Imaging et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® right lower quadrant pain-suspected appendicitis. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(11S):S373-87, 2018
Shin I et al: Optimisation of the MR protocol in pregnant women with suspected acute appendicitis. Eur Radiol. 28(2):514-21, 2018
Kinner S et al: Diagnostic accuracy of MRI versus CT for the evaluation of acute appendicitis in children and young adults. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 209(4):911-19, 2017
Yun SJ et al: Comparison of low- and standard-dose CT for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: A meta-analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 208(6):W198-207, 2017
Hines JJ et al: Beyond appendicitis; radiologic review of unusual and rare pathology of the appendix. Abdom Radiol (NY). 41(3):568-81, 2016
Bhangu A et al: Acute appendicitis: modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet. 386(10000):1278-87, 2015
Kim Y et al: Increasing utilization of abdominal CT in the emergency department of a secondary care center: does it produce better outcomes in caring for pediatric surgical patients? Ann Surg Treat Res. 87(5):239-44, 2014
Smith MP et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® right lower quadrant pain-suspected appendicitis. Ultrasound Q. 31(2):85-91, 2014
Garcia K et al: Suspected appendicitis in children: diagnostic importance of normal abdominopelvic CT findings with nonvisualized appendix. Radiology. 250(2):531-7, 2009
Wan MJ et al: Acute appendicitis in young children: cost-effectiveness of US versus CT in diagnosis--a Markov decision analytic model. Radiology. 250(2):378-86, 2009
Brown MA: Imaging acute appendicitis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 29(5):293-307, 2008
Singh AK et al: Dropped appendicolith: CT findings and implications for management. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(3):707-11, 2008
van Randen A et al: Acute appendicitis: meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of CT and graded compression US related to prevalence of disease. Radiology. 249(1):97-106, 2008
Doria AS et al: US or CT for diagnosis of appendicitis in children and adults? A meta-analysis. Radiology. 241(1):83-94, 2006
Oto A et al: Right-lower-quadrant pain and suspected appendicitis in pregnant women: evaluation with MR imaging--initial experience. Radiology. 234(2):445-51, 2005
Paulson EK et al: Acute appendicitis: added diagnostic value of coronal reformations from isotropic voxels at multi-detector row CT. Radiology. 235(3):879-85, 2005
Andersson RE: Meta-analysis of the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of appendicitis. Br J Surg. 91(1):28-37, 2004
Kessler N et al: Appendicitis: evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of US, Doppler US, and laboratory findings. Radiology. 230(2):472-8, 2004
Horrow MM et al: Differentiation of perforated from nonperforated appendicitis at CT. Radiology. 227(1):46-51, 2003
Jacobs JE et al: CT imaging in acute appendicitis: techniques and controversies. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 24(2):96-100, 2003
Lee JH: Sonography of acute appendicitis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 24(2):83-90, 2003
Macari M et al: The acute right lower quadrant: CT evaluation. Radiol Clin North Am. 41(6):1117-36, 2003
Neumayer L et al: Imaging in appendicitis: a review with special emphasis on the treatment of women. Obstet Gynecol. 102(6):1404-9, 2003
O'Malley ME et al: US of gastrointestinal tract abnormalities with CT correlation. Radiographics. 23(1):59-72, 2003
Paulson EK et al: Clinical practice. Suspected appendicitis. N Engl J Med. 348(3):236-42, 2003
Puylaert JB: Ultrasonography of the acute abdomen: gastrointestinal conditions. Radiol Clin North Am. 41(6):1227-42, vii, 2003
Wijetunga R et al: The CT diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 24(2):101-6, 2003
Bendeck SE et al: Imaging for suspected appendicitis: negative appendectomy and perforation rates. Radiology. 225(1):131-6, 2002
Callahan MJ et al: CT of appendicitis in children. Radiology. 224(2):325-32, 2002
Raman SS et al: Accuracy of nonfocused helical CT for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a 5-year review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(6):1319-25, 2002
Jones PF: Suspected acute appendicitis: trends in management over 30 years. Br J Surg. 88(12):1570-7, 2001
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