Communication between branch of hepatic artery and portal venous system
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Renzulli M et al: Imaging-based diagnosis of benign lesions and pseudolesions in the cirrhotic liver. Magn Reson Imaging. 75:9-20, 2021
Wang Q et al: CT and MRI imaging and interpretation of hepatic arterioportal shunts. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 4:34, 2019
Schawkat K et al: Diffuse liver disease: cirrhosis, focal lesions in cirrhosis, and vascular liver disease. In: Hodler J et al. Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2018-2021: Diagnostic Imaging - IDKD Book [Internet]. New York: Springer, 2018
Ronot M et al: Focal lesions in cirrhosis: not always HCC. Eur J Radiol. 93:157-68, 2017
Kim TK et al: Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol. 21(4):326-43, 2015
Sonomura T et al: N-butyl cyanoacrylate embolization with blood flow control of an arterioportal shunt that developed after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Korean J Radiol. 15(2):250-3, 2014
Kim TK et al: Hepatocellular nodules in liver cirrhosis: contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Abdom Imaging. 36(3):244-63, 2011
Nakamura Y et al: Clinical significance of the transitional phase at gadoxetate disodium-enhanced hepatic MRI for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary results. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 35(6):723-7, 2011
Vogl TJ et al: Portal vein thrombosis and arterioportal shunts: effects on tumor response after chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 17(10):1267-75, 2011
Ahn JH et al: Nontumorous arterioportal shunts in the liver: CT and MRI findings considering mechanisms and fate. Eur Radiol. 20(2):385-94, 2010
Mita K et al: Diagnostic sensitivity of imaging modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 2 cm. World J Gastroenterol. 16(33):4187-92, 2010
Yoo HJ et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic liver: double-contrast-enhanced, high-resolution 3.0T-MR imaging with pathologic correlation. Invest Radiol. 43(7):538-46, 2008
Goto T et al: Osler-Weber-Rendu disease with esophageal varices and hepatic nodular change. Intern Med. 46(12):849-54, 2007
Kitade M et al: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with central calcification and arterio-portal shunt. Intern Med. 44(8):825-8, 2005
Sakata H et al: Prognostic factors for hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with macroscopic portal vein tumor thrombus. Hepatogastroenterology. 51(60):1575-80, 2004
Yoshimitsu K et al: Pitfalls in the imaging diagnosis of hepatocellular nodules in the cirrhotic and noncirrhotic liver. Intervirology. 47(3-5):238-51, 2004
Yoshimitsu K et al: Unusual hemodynamics and pseudolesions of the noncirrhotic liver at CT. Radiographics. 21 Spec No:S81-96, 2001
Koizumi J et al: Computed tomography during arterial portography under temporary balloon occlusion of the hepatic artery: evaluation of pseudolesions caused by arterio-portal venous shunts. Abdom Imaging. 25(6):583-6, 2000
Aithal GP et al: Portal hypertension secondary to arterio-portal fistulae: two unusual cases. Liver. 19(4):343-7, 1999
Chen WP et al: Spectrum of transient hepatic attenuation differences in biphasic helical CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(2):419-24, 1999
Suzuki O et al: Appropriate blood flow for arterio-portal shunt in acute hypoxic liver failure. Eur Surg Res. 31(4):324-32, 1999
Yoshimitsu K et al: Pseudolesions of the liver possibly caused by focal rib compression: analysis based on hemodynamic change. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(3):645-9, 1999
Kim TK et al: Nontumorous arterioportal shunt mimicking hypervascular tumor in cirrhotic liver: two-phase spiral CT findings. Radiology. 208(3):597-603, 1998
Srivastava DN et al: Pedunculated hepatic haemangioma with arterioportal shunt: treated with angio-embolization and surgery. Australas Radiol. 42(2):151-3, 1998
Gryspeerdt S et al: Evaluation of hepatic perfusion disorders with double-phase spiral CT. Radiographics. 17(2):337-48, 1997
Itai Y et al: Blood flow and liver imaging. Radiology. 202(2):306-14, 1997
Yoshimitsu K et al: Anatomy and clinical importance of cholecystic venous drainage: helical CT observations during injection of contrast medium into the cholecystic artery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(2):505-10, 1997
Matsui O et al: Pseudolesion in segment IV of the liver at CT during arterial portography: correlation with aberrant gastric venous drainage. Radiology. 193(1):31-5, 1994
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References
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
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Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Arterioportal (AP) shunt
Definitions
Communication between branch of hepatic artery and portal venous system
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Renzulli M et al: Imaging-based diagnosis of benign lesions and pseudolesions in the cirrhotic liver. Magn Reson Imaging. 75:9-20, 2021
Wang Q et al: CT and MRI imaging and interpretation of hepatic arterioportal shunts. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 4:34, 2019
Schawkat K et al: Diffuse liver disease: cirrhosis, focal lesions in cirrhosis, and vascular liver disease. In: Hodler J et al. Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2018-2021: Diagnostic Imaging - IDKD Book [Internet]. New York: Springer, 2018
Ronot M et al: Focal lesions in cirrhosis: not always HCC. Eur J Radiol. 93:157-68, 2017
Kim TK et al: Imaging findings of mimickers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol. 21(4):326-43, 2015
Sonomura T et al: N-butyl cyanoacrylate embolization with blood flow control of an arterioportal shunt that developed after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Korean J Radiol. 15(2):250-3, 2014
Kim TK et al: Hepatocellular nodules in liver cirrhosis: contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Abdom Imaging. 36(3):244-63, 2011
Nakamura Y et al: Clinical significance of the transitional phase at gadoxetate disodium-enhanced hepatic MRI for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary results. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 35(6):723-7, 2011
Vogl TJ et al: Portal vein thrombosis and arterioportal shunts: effects on tumor response after chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 17(10):1267-75, 2011
Ahn JH et al: Nontumorous arterioportal shunts in the liver: CT and MRI findings considering mechanisms and fate. Eur Radiol. 20(2):385-94, 2010
Mita K et al: Diagnostic sensitivity of imaging modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 2 cm. World J Gastroenterol. 16(33):4187-92, 2010
Yoo HJ et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic liver: double-contrast-enhanced, high-resolution 3.0T-MR imaging with pathologic correlation. Invest Radiol. 43(7):538-46, 2008
Goto T et al: Osler-Weber-Rendu disease with esophageal varices and hepatic nodular change. Intern Med. 46(12):849-54, 2007
Kitade M et al: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with central calcification and arterio-portal shunt. Intern Med. 44(8):825-8, 2005
Sakata H et al: Prognostic factors for hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with macroscopic portal vein tumor thrombus. Hepatogastroenterology. 51(60):1575-80, 2004
Yoshimitsu K et al: Pitfalls in the imaging diagnosis of hepatocellular nodules in the cirrhotic and noncirrhotic liver. Intervirology. 47(3-5):238-51, 2004
Yoshimitsu K et al: Unusual hemodynamics and pseudolesions of the noncirrhotic liver at CT. Radiographics. 21 Spec No:S81-96, 2001
Koizumi J et al: Computed tomography during arterial portography under temporary balloon occlusion of the hepatic artery: evaluation of pseudolesions caused by arterio-portal venous shunts. Abdom Imaging. 25(6):583-6, 2000
Aithal GP et al: Portal hypertension secondary to arterio-portal fistulae: two unusual cases. Liver. 19(4):343-7, 1999
Chen WP et al: Spectrum of transient hepatic attenuation differences in biphasic helical CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(2):419-24, 1999
Suzuki O et al: Appropriate blood flow for arterio-portal shunt in acute hypoxic liver failure. Eur Surg Res. 31(4):324-32, 1999
Yoshimitsu K et al: Pseudolesions of the liver possibly caused by focal rib compression: analysis based on hemodynamic change. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(3):645-9, 1999
Kim TK et al: Nontumorous arterioportal shunt mimicking hypervascular tumor in cirrhotic liver: two-phase spiral CT findings. Radiology. 208(3):597-603, 1998
Srivastava DN et al: Pedunculated hepatic haemangioma with arterioportal shunt: treated with angio-embolization and surgery. Australas Radiol. 42(2):151-3, 1998
Gryspeerdt S et al: Evaluation of hepatic perfusion disorders with double-phase spiral CT. Radiographics. 17(2):337-48, 1997
Itai Y et al: Blood flow and liver imaging. Radiology. 202(2):306-14, 1997
Yoshimitsu K et al: Anatomy and clinical importance of cholecystic venous drainage: helical CT observations during injection of contrast medium into the cholecystic artery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(2):505-10, 1997
Matsui O et al: Pseudolesion in segment IV of the liver at CT during arterial portography: correlation with aberrant gastric venous drainage. Radiology. 193(1):31-5, 1994
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