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Pediatrics
Diagnosis
Musculoskeletal
Soft Tissue Masses
Arteriovenous Malformation, Musculoskeletal
Arteriovenous Malformation, Musculoskeletal
A. Carlson Merrow, Jr., MD, FAAP
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Abbreviations

            • Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

          • Definitions

            • Congenital high-flow vascular lesion with abnormal direct connections between arteries & veins (i.e., no intervening capillary bed)

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

              PATHOLOGY

              • General Features

                CLINICAL ISSUES

                • Presentation

                  • Demographics

                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                      • Treatment

                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                          Selected References

                          1. Le Fourn É et al: Efficacy and safety of embolization in arteriovenous malformations of the extremities and head and neck: a retrospective study of 32 cases. Eur J Dermatol. 25(1):52-6, 2015
                          2. Patel AS et al: Atypical MRI features in soft-tissue arteriovenous malformation: a novel imaging appearance with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Pediatr Radiol. 45(10):1515-21, 2015
                          3. Wassef M et al: Vascular Anomalies Classification: Recommendations From the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Pediatrics. 136(1):e203-14, 2015
                          4. Uller W et al: Arteriovenous malformations. Semin Pediatr Surg. 23(4):203-7, 2014
                          5. Kurek KC et al: PTEN hamartoma of soft tissue: a distinctive lesion in PTEN syndromes. Am J Surg Pathol. 36(5):671-87, 2012
                          6. Flors L et al: MR imaging of soft-tissue vascular malformations: diagnosis, classification, and therapy follow-up. Radiographics. 31(5):1321-40; discussion 1340-1, 2011
                          7. Dubois J et al: Vascular anomalies: what a radiologist needs to know. Pediatr Radiol. 40(6):895-905, 2010
                          8. Legiehn GM et al: A Step-by-Step Practical Approach to Imaging Diagnosis and Interventional Radiologic Therapy in Vascular Malformations. Semin Intervent Radiol. 27(2):209-31, 2010
                          9. Liu AS et al: Extracranial arteriovenous malformations: natural progression and recurrence after treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 125(4):1185-94, 2010
                          10. Lobo-Mueller E et al: Extremity vascular anomalies in children: introduction, classification, and imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 13(3):210-35, 2009
                          Related Anatomy
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                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                          References
                          Tables

                          Tables

                          KEY FACTS

                          • Terminology

                            • Imaging

                              • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                • Clinical Issues

                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                  • Abbreviations

                                    • Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

                                  • Definitions

                                    • Congenital high-flow vascular lesion with abnormal direct connections between arteries & veins (i.e., no intervening capillary bed)

                                  IMAGING

                                  • General Features

                                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                      PATHOLOGY

                                      • General Features

                                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                                        • Presentation

                                          • Demographics

                                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                                              • Treatment

                                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                  Selected References

                                                  1. Le Fourn É et al: Efficacy and safety of embolization in arteriovenous malformations of the extremities and head and neck: a retrospective study of 32 cases. Eur J Dermatol. 25(1):52-6, 2015
                                                  2. Patel AS et al: Atypical MRI features in soft-tissue arteriovenous malformation: a novel imaging appearance with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Pediatr Radiol. 45(10):1515-21, 2015
                                                  3. Wassef M et al: Vascular Anomalies Classification: Recommendations From the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Pediatrics. 136(1):e203-14, 2015
                                                  4. Uller W et al: Arteriovenous malformations. Semin Pediatr Surg. 23(4):203-7, 2014
                                                  5. Kurek KC et al: PTEN hamartoma of soft tissue: a distinctive lesion in PTEN syndromes. Am J Surg Pathol. 36(5):671-87, 2012
                                                  6. Flors L et al: MR imaging of soft-tissue vascular malformations: diagnosis, classification, and therapy follow-up. Radiographics. 31(5):1321-40; discussion 1340-1, 2011
                                                  7. Dubois J et al: Vascular anomalies: what a radiologist needs to know. Pediatr Radiol. 40(6):895-905, 2010
                                                  8. Legiehn GM et al: A Step-by-Step Practical Approach to Imaging Diagnosis and Interventional Radiologic Therapy in Vascular Malformations. Semin Intervent Radiol. 27(2):209-31, 2010
                                                  9. Liu AS et al: Extracranial arteriovenous malformations: natural progression and recurrence after treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 125(4):1185-94, 2010
                                                  10. Lobo-Mueller E et al: Extremity vascular anomalies in children: introduction, classification, and imaging. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 13(3):210-35, 2009