Pyogenic infection of biliary tree as result of biliary obstruction
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Malekzadeh S et al: Typical imaging finding of hepatic infections: a pictorial essay. Abdom Radiol (NY). 46(2):544-61, 2020
Arslan MF et al: MR cholangiopancreatography findings of biliary tract complications after liver transplantation Turk J Med Sci. 48(5):1006-12, 2018
O'Connell W et al: Obstruction of the biliary and urinary system. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 20(4):288-93, 2017
Costello JR et al: MR imaging of benign and malignant biliary conditions. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 22(3):467-88, 2014
Kochar R et al: Infections of the biliary tract. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 23(2):199-218, 2013
Patel NB et al: Multidetector CT of emergent biliary pathologic conditions. Radiographics. 33(7):1867-88, 2013
Lee NK et al: MR appearance of normal and abnormal bile: correlation with imaging and endoscopic finding. Eur J Radiol. 76(2):211-21, 2010
Catalano OA et al: Biliary infections: spectrum of imaging findings and management. Radiographics. 29(7):2059-80, 2009
Kim SW et al: Transient arterial enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma in patients with acute cholangitis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 33(3):398-404, 2009
Lee JG: Diagnosis and management of acute cholangitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6(9):533-41, 2009
Lee NK et al: Discrimination of suppurative cholangitis from nonsuppurative cholangitis with computed tomography (CT). Eur J Radiol. 69(3):528-35, 2009
Salek J et al: Analysis of risk factors predictive of early mortality and urgent ERCP in acute cholangitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 43(2):171-5, 2009
Yeh BM et al: MR imaging and CT of the biliary tract. Radiographics. 29(6):1669-88, 2009
Attasaranya S et al: Choledocholithiasis, ascending cholangitis, and gallstone pancreatitis. Med Clin North Am. 92(4):925-60, x, 2008
Kinney TP: Management of ascending cholangitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 17(2):289-306, vi, 2007
Watanabe Y et al: MR imaging of acute biliary disorders. Radiographics. 27(2):477-95, 2007
Hanbidge AE et al: From the RSNA refresher courses: imaging evaluation for acute pain in the right upper quadrant. Radiographics. 24(4):1117-35, 2004
Arai K et al: Dynamic CT of acute cholangitis: early inhomogeneous enhancement of the liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 181(1):115-8, 2003
Browning JD et al: Gallstone disease and its complications. Semin Gastrointest Dis. 14(4):165-77, 2003
HÃ¥kansson K et al: MR characteristics of acute cholangitis. Acta Radiol. 43(2):175-9, 2002
Bader TR et al: MR imaging findings of infectious cholangitis. Magn Reson Imaging. 19(6):781-8, 2001
Hanau LH et al: Acute (ascending) cholangitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 14(3):521-46, 2000
Song HH et al: Eosinophilic cholangitis: US, CT, and cholangiography findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 21(2):251-3, 1997
Pyogenic infection of biliary tree as result of biliary obstruction
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Malekzadeh S et al: Typical imaging finding of hepatic infections: a pictorial essay. Abdom Radiol (NY). 46(2):544-61, 2020
Arslan MF et al: MR cholangiopancreatography findings of biliary tract complications after liver transplantation Turk J Med Sci. 48(5):1006-12, 2018
O'Connell W et al: Obstruction of the biliary and urinary system. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 20(4):288-93, 2017
Costello JR et al: MR imaging of benign and malignant biliary conditions. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 22(3):467-88, 2014
Kochar R et al: Infections of the biliary tract. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 23(2):199-218, 2013
Patel NB et al: Multidetector CT of emergent biliary pathologic conditions. Radiographics. 33(7):1867-88, 2013
Lee NK et al: MR appearance of normal and abnormal bile: correlation with imaging and endoscopic finding. Eur J Radiol. 76(2):211-21, 2010
Catalano OA et al: Biliary infections: spectrum of imaging findings and management. Radiographics. 29(7):2059-80, 2009
Kim SW et al: Transient arterial enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma in patients with acute cholangitis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 33(3):398-404, 2009
Lee JG: Diagnosis and management of acute cholangitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6(9):533-41, 2009
Lee NK et al: Discrimination of suppurative cholangitis from nonsuppurative cholangitis with computed tomography (CT). Eur J Radiol. 69(3):528-35, 2009
Salek J et al: Analysis of risk factors predictive of early mortality and urgent ERCP in acute cholangitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 43(2):171-5, 2009
Yeh BM et al: MR imaging and CT of the biliary tract. Radiographics. 29(6):1669-88, 2009
Attasaranya S et al: Choledocholithiasis, ascending cholangitis, and gallstone pancreatitis. Med Clin North Am. 92(4):925-60, x, 2008
Kinney TP: Management of ascending cholangitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 17(2):289-306, vi, 2007
Watanabe Y et al: MR imaging of acute biliary disorders. Radiographics. 27(2):477-95, 2007
Hanbidge AE et al: From the RSNA refresher courses: imaging evaluation for acute pain in the right upper quadrant. Radiographics. 24(4):1117-35, 2004
Arai K et al: Dynamic CT of acute cholangitis: early inhomogeneous enhancement of the liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 181(1):115-8, 2003
Browning JD et al: Gallstone disease and its complications. Semin Gastrointest Dis. 14(4):165-77, 2003
HÃ¥kansson K et al: MR characteristics of acute cholangitis. Acta Radiol. 43(2):175-9, 2002
Bader TR et al: MR imaging findings of infectious cholangitis. Magn Reson Imaging. 19(6):781-8, 2001
Hanau LH et al: Acute (ascending) cholangitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 14(3):521-46, 2000
Song HH et al: Eosinophilic cholangitis: US, CT, and cholangiography findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 21(2):251-3, 1997
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