Foreign body aspiration commonly associated with atelectasis
Near drowning: Massive amount of fresh or salt water
Aspiration bronchiolitis
Often referred to as diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis
Obliterative bronchiolitis and gastroesophageal reflux (mimics asthma)
Common, often overlooked
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Selected References
Little BP et al: Direct and indirect CT imaging features of esophago-airway fistula in adults. J Thorac Dis. 12(6):3157-66, 2020
Mandell LA et al: Aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 380(7):651-63, 2019
Rodriguez AE et al: New perspectives in aspiration community acquired Pneumonia. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 12(10):991-1002, 2019
Lenz CJ et al: Esophagorespiratory fistulas: survival and outcomes of treatment. J Clin Gastroenterol. 52(2):131-6, 2018
Winningham PJ et al: Bronchiolitis: a practical approach for the general radiologist. Radiographics. 37(3):777-94, 2017
Yan GW et al: A case report and literature review of barium sulphate aspiration during upper gastrointestinal examination. Medicine (Baltimore). 96(47):e8821, 2017
Hundemer GL et al: Large-volume barium aspiration. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 28(2):183-4, 2015
Miyashita N et al: Detection failure rate of chest radiography for the identification of nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia. J Infect Chemother. 21(7):492-6, 2015
Zhang L et al: Barium sulfate aspiration: severe chemical pneumonia induced by a massive reflux of contrast medium during small bowel barium enema. Forensic Sci Int. 253:e16-9, 2015
Prather AD et al: Aspiration-related lung diseases. J Thorac Imaging. 29(5):304-9, 2014
Katabathina VS et al: Nonvascular, nontraumatic mediastinal emergencies in adults: a comprehensive review of imaging findings. Radiographics. 31(4):1141-60, 2011
Marik PE: Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 344(9):665-71, 2001
Franquet T et al: Aspiration diseases: findings, pitfalls, and differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 20(3):673-85, 2000
Marom EM et al: The many faces of pulmonary aspiration. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(1):121-8, 1999
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)
Bronchoesophageal fistula (BEF)
Synonyms
Aspiration pneumonia: Lung infection caused by aspiration of colonized oropharyngeal secretions
Aspiration pneumonitis: Acute lung injury caused by aspiration of material inherently toxic to lungs
Aspiration bronchiolitis: Chronic inflammatory reaction to recurrent aspirated foreign particles in bronchioles
Definitions
Inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric content into larynx or lower respiratory tract with resultant various types of aspiration syndromes
Aspiration pneumonia: Most hospital-acquired infections
Lentil aspiration pneumonia: Leguminous material (lentils, beans, peas)
Fistulas between esophagus and trachea, bronchi or lung
Congenital TEF
Esophageal cancer (5-10%)
Aspiration pneumonitis
Mendelson syndrome
Aspirated sterile gastric content with pH < 2.5
Peripartum, anesthesia, decreased level of consciousness
Foreign body aspiration commonly associated with atelectasis
Near drowning: Massive amount of fresh or salt water
Aspiration bronchiolitis
Often referred to as diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis
Obliterative bronchiolitis and gastroesophageal reflux (mimics asthma)
Common, often overlooked
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Selected References
Little BP et al: Direct and indirect CT imaging features of esophago-airway fistula in adults. J Thorac Dis. 12(6):3157-66, 2020
Mandell LA et al: Aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 380(7):651-63, 2019
Rodriguez AE et al: New perspectives in aspiration community acquired Pneumonia. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 12(10):991-1002, 2019
Lenz CJ et al: Esophagorespiratory fistulas: survival and outcomes of treatment. J Clin Gastroenterol. 52(2):131-6, 2018
Winningham PJ et al: Bronchiolitis: a practical approach for the general radiologist. Radiographics. 37(3):777-94, 2017
Yan GW et al: A case report and literature review of barium sulphate aspiration during upper gastrointestinal examination. Medicine (Baltimore). 96(47):e8821, 2017
Hundemer GL et al: Large-volume barium aspiration. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 28(2):183-4, 2015
Miyashita N et al: Detection failure rate of chest radiography for the identification of nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia. J Infect Chemother. 21(7):492-6, 2015
Zhang L et al: Barium sulfate aspiration: severe chemical pneumonia induced by a massive reflux of contrast medium during small bowel barium enema. Forensic Sci Int. 253:e16-9, 2015
Prather AD et al: Aspiration-related lung diseases. J Thorac Imaging. 29(5):304-9, 2014
Katabathina VS et al: Nonvascular, nontraumatic mediastinal emergencies in adults: a comprehensive review of imaging findings. Radiographics. 31(4):1141-60, 2011
Marik PE: Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 344(9):665-71, 2001
Franquet T et al: Aspiration diseases: findings, pitfalls, and differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 20(3):673-85, 2000
Marom EM et al: The many faces of pulmonary aspiration. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(1):121-8, 1999
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