Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Intramedullary glioma
Definitions
- Primary neoplasm of astrocytic origin within spinal cord
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Diaz-Aguilar D et al: Prognostic factors and survival in low grade gliomas of the spinal cord: a population-based analysis from 2006 to 2012. J Clin Neurosci. 61:14-21, 2019
- Ogunlade J et al: Primary spinal astrocytomas: a literature review. Cureus. 11(7):e5247, 2019
- She DJ et al: MR imaging features of spinal pilocytic astrocytoma. BMC Med Imaging. 19(1):5, 2019
- Takai K et al: Spinal cord astrocytoma with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene mutation. World Neurosurg. 108:991.e13-6, 2017
- Zhao M et al: Axial MR diffusion tensor imaging and tractography in clinical diagnosed and pathology confirmed cervical spinal cord astrocytoma. J Neurol Sci. 375:43-51, 2017
- Ryu SJ et al: A retrospective observational study on the treatment outcomes of 26 patients with spinal cord astrocytoma including two cases of malignant transformation. Eur Spine J. 25(12):4067-79, 2016
- Ahmed R et al: Long-term disease and neurological outcomes in patients with pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 13(6):600-12, 2014
- Kim DH et al: Differentiation between intramedullary spinal ependymoma and astrocytoma: comparative MRI analysis. Clin Radiol. 69(1):29-35, 2014
- Tomura N et al: PET findings of intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord using [18F] FDG and [11C] methionine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 34(6):1278-83, 2013
- Heo DH et al: A histopathological diagnostic marker for human spinal astrocytoma: expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein-δ. J Neurooncol. 108(1):45-52, 2012
- Horger M et al: Spinal pilocytic astrocytoma: MR imaging findings at first presentation and following surgery. Eur J Radiol. 79(3):389-99, 2011
- Paraskevopoulos D et al: Pilomyxoid astrocytoma of the cervical spinal cord in a child with rapid progression into glioblastoma: case report and literature review. Childs Nerv Syst. 27(2):313-21, 2011
- Colnat-Coulbois S et al: Management of intramedullary cystic pilocytic astrocytoma with rhenium-186 intracavitary irradiation: case report. Neurosurgery. 66(5):E1023-4; discussion E1024, 2010
- Ewelt C et al: Cordectomy as final treatment option for diffuse intramedullary malignant glioma using 5-ALA fluorescence-guided resection. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 112(4):357-61, 2010
- Jeong SM et al: Intracranial dissemination from spinal cord anaplastic astrocytoma. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 47(1):68-70, 2010
- Raco A et al: High-grade intramedullary astrocytomas: 30 years' experience at the Neurosurgery Department of the University of Rome "Sapienza". J Neurosurg Spine. 12(2):144-53, 2010
- Seo HS et al: Nonenhancing intramedullary astrocytomas and other MR imaging features: a retrospective study and systematic review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31(3):498-503, 2010
- Harrop JS et al: Primary intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(22 Suppl):S69-77, 2009
- Komotar RJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of pilomyxoid astrocytoma. Neurol Res. 30(9):945-51, 2008
- Nakamura M et al: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma of the spinal cord. Case report. J Neurosurg Spine. 5(1):72-5, 2006
- Arslanoglu A et al: MR imaging characteristics of pilomyxoid astrocytomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(9):1906-8, 2003
- Saito R et al: Symptomatic spinal dissemination of malignant astrocytoma. J Neurooncol. 61(3):227-35, 2003
- Santi M et al: Spinal cord malignant astrocytomas. Clinicopathologic features in 36 cases. Cancer. 98(3):554-61, 2003
- Sun B et al: MRI features of intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas. J Neuroimaging. 13(4):346-51, 2003
- Brotchi J: Intrinsic spinal cord tumor resection. Neurosurgery. 50(5):1059-63, 2002
- Kim MS et al: Intramedullary spinal cord astrocytoma in adults: postoperative outcome. J Neurooncol. 52(1):85-94, 2001
- Constantini S et al: Radical excision of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: surgical morbidity and long-term follow-up evaluation in 164 children and young adults. J Neurosurg. 93(2 Suppl):183-93, 2000
- Houten JK et al: Pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors: special considerations. J Neurooncol. 47(3):225-30, 2000
- Houten JK et al: Spinal cord astrocytomas: presentation, management and outcome. J Neurooncol. 47(3):219-24, 2000
- Lowe GM: Magnetic resonance imaging of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. J Neurooncol. 47(3):195-210, 2000
- Miller DC: Surgical pathology of intramedullary spinal cord neoplasms. J Neurooncol. 47(3):189-94, 2000
- Nishio S et al: Spinal cord gliomas: management and outcome with reference to adjuvant therapy. J Clin Neurosci. 7(1):20-3, 2000
- Strik HM et al: A case of spinal glioblastoma multiforme: immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. J Neurooncol. 50(3):239-43, 2000
- Baleriaux DL: Spinal cord tumors. Eur Radiol. 9(7):1252-8, 1999
- Bourgouin PM et al: A pattern approach to the differential diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord lesions on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(6):1645-9, 1998
- Squires LA et al: Diffuse infiltrating astrocytoma of the cervicomedullary region: clinicopathologic entity. Pediatr Neurosurg. 27(3):153-9, 1997
- Minehan KJ et al: Spinal cord astrocytoma: pathological and treatment considerations. J Neurosurg. 83(4):590-5, 1995
- Nemoto Y et al: Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: significance of associated hemorrhage at MR imaging. Radiology. 182(3):793-6, 1992
- Li MH et al: MR imaging of spinal intramedullary tumors. Acta Radiol. 32(6):505-13, 1991
- Scotti G et al: Magnetic resonance diagnosis of intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord. Neuroradiology. 29(2):130-5, 1987
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Intramedullary glioma
Definitions
- Primary neoplasm of astrocytic origin within spinal cord
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Diaz-Aguilar D et al: Prognostic factors and survival in low grade gliomas of the spinal cord: a population-based analysis from 2006 to 2012. J Clin Neurosci. 61:14-21, 2019
- Ogunlade J et al: Primary spinal astrocytomas: a literature review. Cureus. 11(7):e5247, 2019
- She DJ et al: MR imaging features of spinal pilocytic astrocytoma. BMC Med Imaging. 19(1):5, 2019
- Takai K et al: Spinal cord astrocytoma with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene mutation. World Neurosurg. 108:991.e13-6, 2017
- Zhao M et al: Axial MR diffusion tensor imaging and tractography in clinical diagnosed and pathology confirmed cervical spinal cord astrocytoma. J Neurol Sci. 375:43-51, 2017
- Ryu SJ et al: A retrospective observational study on the treatment outcomes of 26 patients with spinal cord astrocytoma including two cases of malignant transformation. Eur Spine J. 25(12):4067-79, 2016
- Ahmed R et al: Long-term disease and neurological outcomes in patients with pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 13(6):600-12, 2014
- Kim DH et al: Differentiation between intramedullary spinal ependymoma and astrocytoma: comparative MRI analysis. Clin Radiol. 69(1):29-35, 2014
- Tomura N et al: PET findings of intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord using [18F] FDG and [11C] methionine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 34(6):1278-83, 2013
- Heo DH et al: A histopathological diagnostic marker for human spinal astrocytoma: expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein-δ. J Neurooncol. 108(1):45-52, 2012
- Horger M et al: Spinal pilocytic astrocytoma: MR imaging findings at first presentation and following surgery. Eur J Radiol. 79(3):389-99, 2011
- Paraskevopoulos D et al: Pilomyxoid astrocytoma of the cervical spinal cord in a child with rapid progression into glioblastoma: case report and literature review. Childs Nerv Syst. 27(2):313-21, 2011
- Colnat-Coulbois S et al: Management of intramedullary cystic pilocytic astrocytoma with rhenium-186 intracavitary irradiation: case report. Neurosurgery. 66(5):E1023-4; discussion E1024, 2010
- Ewelt C et al: Cordectomy as final treatment option for diffuse intramedullary malignant glioma using 5-ALA fluorescence-guided resection. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 112(4):357-61, 2010
- Jeong SM et al: Intracranial dissemination from spinal cord anaplastic astrocytoma. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 47(1):68-70, 2010
- Raco A et al: High-grade intramedullary astrocytomas: 30 years' experience at the Neurosurgery Department of the University of Rome "Sapienza". J Neurosurg Spine. 12(2):144-53, 2010
- Seo HS et al: Nonenhancing intramedullary astrocytomas and other MR imaging features: a retrospective study and systematic review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31(3):498-503, 2010
- Harrop JS et al: Primary intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(22 Suppl):S69-77, 2009
- Komotar RJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of pilomyxoid astrocytoma. Neurol Res. 30(9):945-51, 2008
- Nakamura M et al: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma of the spinal cord. Case report. J Neurosurg Spine. 5(1):72-5, 2006
- Arslanoglu A et al: MR imaging characteristics of pilomyxoid astrocytomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(9):1906-8, 2003
- Saito R et al: Symptomatic spinal dissemination of malignant astrocytoma. J Neurooncol. 61(3):227-35, 2003
- Santi M et al: Spinal cord malignant astrocytomas. Clinicopathologic features in 36 cases. Cancer. 98(3):554-61, 2003
- Sun B et al: MRI features of intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas. J Neuroimaging. 13(4):346-51, 2003
- Brotchi J: Intrinsic spinal cord tumor resection. Neurosurgery. 50(5):1059-63, 2002
- Kim MS et al: Intramedullary spinal cord astrocytoma in adults: postoperative outcome. J Neurooncol. 52(1):85-94, 2001
- Constantini S et al: Radical excision of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: surgical morbidity and long-term follow-up evaluation in 164 children and young adults. J Neurosurg. 93(2 Suppl):183-93, 2000
- Houten JK et al: Pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors: special considerations. J Neurooncol. 47(3):225-30, 2000
- Houten JK et al: Spinal cord astrocytomas: presentation, management and outcome. J Neurooncol. 47(3):219-24, 2000
- Lowe GM: Magnetic resonance imaging of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. J Neurooncol. 47(3):195-210, 2000
- Miller DC: Surgical pathology of intramedullary spinal cord neoplasms. J Neurooncol. 47(3):189-94, 2000
- Nishio S et al: Spinal cord gliomas: management and outcome with reference to adjuvant therapy. J Clin Neurosci. 7(1):20-3, 2000
- Strik HM et al: A case of spinal glioblastoma multiforme: immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. J Neurooncol. 50(3):239-43, 2000
- Baleriaux DL: Spinal cord tumors. Eur Radiol. 9(7):1252-8, 1999
- Bourgouin PM et al: A pattern approach to the differential diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord lesions on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(6):1645-9, 1998
- Squires LA et al: Diffuse infiltrating astrocytoma of the cervicomedullary region: clinicopathologic entity. Pediatr Neurosurg. 27(3):153-9, 1997
- Minehan KJ et al: Spinal cord astrocytoma: pathological and treatment considerations. J Neurosurg. 83(4):590-5, 1995
- Nemoto Y et al: Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: significance of associated hemorrhage at MR imaging. Radiology. 182(3):793-6, 1992
- Li MH et al: MR imaging of spinal intramedullary tumors. Acta Radiol. 32(6):505-13, 1991
- Scotti G et al: Magnetic resonance diagnosis of intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord. Neuroradiology. 29(2):130-5, 1987
