Primary neoplasm of astrocytic origin within spinal cord
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Diaz-Aguilar D et al: Prognostic factors and survival in low grade gliomas of the spinal cord: a population-based analysis from 2006 to 2012. J Clin Neurosci. 61:14-21, 2019
Ogunlade J et al: Primary spinal astrocytomas: a literature review. Cureus. 11(7):e5247, 2019
She DJ et al: MR imaging features of spinal pilocytic astrocytoma. BMC Med Imaging. 19(1):5, 2019
Takai K et al: Spinal cord astrocytoma with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene mutation. World Neurosurg. 108:991.e13-6, 2017
Zhao M et al: Axial MR diffusion tensor imaging and tractography in clinical diagnosed and pathology confirmed cervical spinal cord astrocytoma. J Neurol Sci. 375:43-51, 2017
Ryu SJ et al: A retrospective observational study on the treatment outcomes of 26 patients with spinal cord astrocytoma including two cases of malignant transformation. Eur Spine J. 25(12):4067-79, 2016
Ahmed R et al: Long-term disease and neurological outcomes in patients with pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 13(6):600-12, 2014
Kim DH et al: Differentiation between intramedullary spinal ependymoma and astrocytoma: comparative MRI analysis. Clin Radiol. 69(1):29-35, 2014
Tomura N et al: PET findings of intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord using [18F] FDG and [11C] methionine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 34(6):1278-83, 2013
Heo DH et al: A histopathological diagnostic marker for human spinal astrocytoma: expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein-δ. J Neurooncol. 108(1):45-52, 2012
Horger M et al: Spinal pilocytic astrocytoma: MR imaging findings at first presentation and following surgery. Eur J Radiol. 79(3):389-99, 2011
Paraskevopoulos D et al: Pilomyxoid astrocytoma of the cervical spinal cord in a child with rapid progression into glioblastoma: case report and literature review. Childs Nerv Syst. 27(2):313-21, 2011
Colnat-Coulbois S et al: Management of intramedullary cystic pilocytic astrocytoma with rhenium-186 intracavitary irradiation: case report. Neurosurgery. 66(5):E1023-4; discussion E1024, 2010
Ewelt C et al: Cordectomy as final treatment option for diffuse intramedullary malignant glioma using 5-ALA fluorescence-guided resection. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 112(4):357-61, 2010
Jeong SM et al: Intracranial dissemination from spinal cord anaplastic astrocytoma. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 47(1):68-70, 2010
Raco A et al: High-grade intramedullary astrocytomas: 30 years' experience at the Neurosurgery Department of the University of Rome "Sapienza". J Neurosurg Spine. 12(2):144-53, 2010
Seo HS et al: Nonenhancing intramedullary astrocytomas and other MR imaging features: a retrospective study and systematic review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31(3):498-503, 2010
Harrop JS et al: Primary intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(22 Suppl):S69-77, 2009
Komotar RJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of pilomyxoid astrocytoma. Neurol Res. 30(9):945-51, 2008
Nakamura M et al: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma of the spinal cord. Case report. J Neurosurg Spine. 5(1):72-5, 2006
Arslanoglu A et al: MR imaging characteristics of pilomyxoid astrocytomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(9):1906-8, 2003
Saito R et al: Symptomatic spinal dissemination of malignant astrocytoma. J Neurooncol. 61(3):227-35, 2003
Santi M et al: Spinal cord malignant astrocytomas. Clinicopathologic features in 36 cases. Cancer. 98(3):554-61, 2003
Sun B et al: MRI features of intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas. J Neuroimaging. 13(4):346-51, 2003
Kim MS et al: Intramedullary spinal cord astrocytoma in adults: postoperative outcome. J Neurooncol. 52(1):85-94, 2001
Constantini S et al: Radical excision of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: surgical morbidity and long-term follow-up evaluation in 164 children and young adults. J Neurosurg. 93(2 Suppl):183-93, 2000
Houten JK et al: Pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors: special considerations. J Neurooncol. 47(3):225-30, 2000
Houten JK et al: Spinal cord astrocytomas: presentation, management and outcome. J Neurooncol. 47(3):219-24, 2000
Lowe GM: Magnetic resonance imaging of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. J Neurooncol. 47(3):195-210, 2000
Miller DC: Surgical pathology of intramedullary spinal cord neoplasms. J Neurooncol. 47(3):189-94, 2000
Nishio S et al: Spinal cord gliomas: management and outcome with reference to adjuvant therapy. J Clin Neurosci. 7(1):20-3, 2000
Strik HM et al: A case of spinal glioblastoma multiforme: immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. J Neurooncol. 50(3):239-43, 2000
Bourgouin PM et al: A pattern approach to the differential diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord lesions on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(6):1645-9, 1998
Squires LA et al: Diffuse infiltrating astrocytoma of the cervicomedullary region: clinicopathologic entity. Pediatr Neurosurg. 27(3):153-9, 1997
Minehan KJ et al: Spinal cord astrocytoma: pathological and treatment considerations. J Neurosurg. 83(4):590-5, 1995
Nemoto Y et al: Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: significance of associated hemorrhage at MR imaging. Radiology. 182(3):793-6, 1992
Li MH et al: MR imaging of spinal intramedullary tumors. Acta Radiol. 32(6):505-13, 1991
Scotti G et al: Magnetic resonance diagnosis of intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord. Neuroradiology. 29(2):130-5, 1987
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
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Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Intramedullary glioma
Definitions
Primary neoplasm of astrocytic origin within spinal cord
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Diaz-Aguilar D et al: Prognostic factors and survival in low grade gliomas of the spinal cord: a population-based analysis from 2006 to 2012. J Clin Neurosci. 61:14-21, 2019
Ogunlade J et al: Primary spinal astrocytomas: a literature review. Cureus. 11(7):e5247, 2019
She DJ et al: MR imaging features of spinal pilocytic astrocytoma. BMC Med Imaging. 19(1):5, 2019
Takai K et al: Spinal cord astrocytoma with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene mutation. World Neurosurg. 108:991.e13-6, 2017
Zhao M et al: Axial MR diffusion tensor imaging and tractography in clinical diagnosed and pathology confirmed cervical spinal cord astrocytoma. J Neurol Sci. 375:43-51, 2017
Ryu SJ et al: A retrospective observational study on the treatment outcomes of 26 patients with spinal cord astrocytoma including two cases of malignant transformation. Eur Spine J. 25(12):4067-79, 2016
Ahmed R et al: Long-term disease and neurological outcomes in patients with pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 13(6):600-12, 2014
Kim DH et al: Differentiation between intramedullary spinal ependymoma and astrocytoma: comparative MRI analysis. Clin Radiol. 69(1):29-35, 2014
Tomura N et al: PET findings of intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord using [18F] FDG and [11C] methionine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 34(6):1278-83, 2013
Heo DH et al: A histopathological diagnostic marker for human spinal astrocytoma: expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein-δ. J Neurooncol. 108(1):45-52, 2012
Horger M et al: Spinal pilocytic astrocytoma: MR imaging findings at first presentation and following surgery. Eur J Radiol. 79(3):389-99, 2011
Paraskevopoulos D et al: Pilomyxoid astrocytoma of the cervical spinal cord in a child with rapid progression into glioblastoma: case report and literature review. Childs Nerv Syst. 27(2):313-21, 2011
Colnat-Coulbois S et al: Management of intramedullary cystic pilocytic astrocytoma with rhenium-186 intracavitary irradiation: case report. Neurosurgery. 66(5):E1023-4; discussion E1024, 2010
Ewelt C et al: Cordectomy as final treatment option for diffuse intramedullary malignant glioma using 5-ALA fluorescence-guided resection. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 112(4):357-61, 2010
Jeong SM et al: Intracranial dissemination from spinal cord anaplastic astrocytoma. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 47(1):68-70, 2010
Raco A et al: High-grade intramedullary astrocytomas: 30 years' experience at the Neurosurgery Department of the University of Rome "Sapienza". J Neurosurg Spine. 12(2):144-53, 2010
Seo HS et al: Nonenhancing intramedullary astrocytomas and other MR imaging features: a retrospective study and systematic review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31(3):498-503, 2010
Harrop JS et al: Primary intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(22 Suppl):S69-77, 2009
Komotar RJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of pilomyxoid astrocytoma. Neurol Res. 30(9):945-51, 2008
Nakamura M et al: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma of the spinal cord. Case report. J Neurosurg Spine. 5(1):72-5, 2006
Arslanoglu A et al: MR imaging characteristics of pilomyxoid astrocytomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(9):1906-8, 2003
Saito R et al: Symptomatic spinal dissemination of malignant astrocytoma. J Neurooncol. 61(3):227-35, 2003
Santi M et al: Spinal cord malignant astrocytomas. Clinicopathologic features in 36 cases. Cancer. 98(3):554-61, 2003
Sun B et al: MRI features of intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas. J Neuroimaging. 13(4):346-51, 2003
Kim MS et al: Intramedullary spinal cord astrocytoma in adults: postoperative outcome. J Neurooncol. 52(1):85-94, 2001
Constantini S et al: Radical excision of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: surgical morbidity and long-term follow-up evaluation in 164 children and young adults. J Neurosurg. 93(2 Suppl):183-93, 2000
Houten JK et al: Pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors: special considerations. J Neurooncol. 47(3):225-30, 2000
Houten JK et al: Spinal cord astrocytomas: presentation, management and outcome. J Neurooncol. 47(3):219-24, 2000
Lowe GM: Magnetic resonance imaging of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. J Neurooncol. 47(3):195-210, 2000
Miller DC: Surgical pathology of intramedullary spinal cord neoplasms. J Neurooncol. 47(3):189-94, 2000
Nishio S et al: Spinal cord gliomas: management and outcome with reference to adjuvant therapy. J Clin Neurosci. 7(1):20-3, 2000
Strik HM et al: A case of spinal glioblastoma multiforme: immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. J Neurooncol. 50(3):239-43, 2000
Bourgouin PM et al: A pattern approach to the differential diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord lesions on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(6):1645-9, 1998
Squires LA et al: Diffuse infiltrating astrocytoma of the cervicomedullary region: clinicopathologic entity. Pediatr Neurosurg. 27(3):153-9, 1997
Minehan KJ et al: Spinal cord astrocytoma: pathological and treatment considerations. J Neurosurg. 83(4):590-5, 1995
Nemoto Y et al: Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: significance of associated hemorrhage at MR imaging. Radiology. 182(3):793-6, 1992
Li MH et al: MR imaging of spinal intramedullary tumors. Acta Radiol. 32(6):505-13, 1991
Scotti G et al: Magnetic resonance diagnosis of intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord. Neuroradiology. 29(2):130-5, 1987
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