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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Atlantooccipital dislocation (AOD)
Synonyms
- Craniocervical dissociation
- Occipitoatlantal dislocation
Definitions
- Disruption of stabilizing ligaments between occiput and C1 ± between C1 and C2
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Relevant Anatomy
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Chang DG et al: Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation: analysis of 15 survival cases with emphasis on associated upper cervical spine injuries. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 45(13):884-94, 2020
- Martinez-Del-Campo E et al: Computed tomography parameters for atlantooccipital dislocation in adult patients: the occipital condyle-C1 interval. J Neurosurg Spine. 24(4):535-45, 2016
- Theodore N et al: The diagnosis and management of traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation injuries. Neurosurgery. 72 Suppl 2():114-26, 2013
- Chaput CD et al: Defining and detecting missed ligamentous injuries of the occipitocervical complex. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(9):709-14, 2011
- Chaput CD et al: Survival of atlanto-occipital dissociation correlates with atlanto-occipital distraction, injury severity score, and neurologic status. J Trauma. 71(2):393-5, 2011
- Bisson E et al: Combined occipital-cervical and atlantoaxial disassociation without neurologic injury: case report and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 35(8):E316-21, 2010
- Cooper Z et al: Identifying survivors with traumatic craniocervical dissociation: a retrospective study. J Surg Res. 160(1):3-8, 2010
- Chang W et al: Diagnostic determinants of craniocervical distraction injury in adults. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(1):52-8, 2009
- Gutiérrez-González R et al: Retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele formation as a traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation complication: case report and review. Eur Spine J. 17 Suppl 2:S253-6, 2008
- Horn EM et al: Survivors of occipitoatlantal dislocation injuries: imaging and clinical correlates. J Neurosurg Spine. 6(2):113-20, 2007
- Pang D et al: Atlanto-occipital dislocation--part 2: The clinical use of (occipital) condyle-C1 interval, comparison with other diagnostic methods, and the manifestation, management, and outcome of atlanto-occipital dislocation in children. Neurosurgery. 61(5):995-1015; discussion 1015, 2007
- Rojas CA et al: Reassessment of the craniocervical junction: normal values on CT. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28(9):1819-23, 2007
- Hanson JA et al: Radiologic and clinical spectrum of occipital condyle fractures: retrospective review of 107 consecutive fractures in 95 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(5):1261-8, 2002
- Chaljub G et al: Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation: MRI and CT. Neuroradiology. 43(1):41-4, 2001
- Saeheng S et al: Traumatic occipitoatlantal dislocation. Surg Neurol. 55(1):35-40; discussion 40, 2001
- Harris JH Jr et al: Radiologic diagnosis of traumatic occipitovertebral dissociation: 2. Comparison of three methods of detecting occipitovertebral relationships on lateral radiographs of supine subjects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 162(4):887-92, 1994
- Dickman CA et al: Traumatic occipitoatlantal dislocations. J Spinal Disord. 6(4):300-13, 1993
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Atlantooccipital dislocation (AOD)
Synonyms
- Craniocervical dissociation
- Occipitoatlantal dislocation
Definitions
- Disruption of stabilizing ligaments between occiput and C1 ± between C1 and C2
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Relevant Anatomy
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Chang DG et al: Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation: analysis of 15 survival cases with emphasis on associated upper cervical spine injuries. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 45(13):884-94, 2020
- Martinez-Del-Campo E et al: Computed tomography parameters for atlantooccipital dislocation in adult patients: the occipital condyle-C1 interval. J Neurosurg Spine. 24(4):535-45, 2016
- Theodore N et al: The diagnosis and management of traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation injuries. Neurosurgery. 72 Suppl 2():114-26, 2013
- Chaput CD et al: Defining and detecting missed ligamentous injuries of the occipitocervical complex. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(9):709-14, 2011
- Chaput CD et al: Survival of atlanto-occipital dissociation correlates with atlanto-occipital distraction, injury severity score, and neurologic status. J Trauma. 71(2):393-5, 2011
- Bisson E et al: Combined occipital-cervical and atlantoaxial disassociation without neurologic injury: case report and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 35(8):E316-21, 2010
- Cooper Z et al: Identifying survivors with traumatic craniocervical dissociation: a retrospective study. J Surg Res. 160(1):3-8, 2010
- Chang W et al: Diagnostic determinants of craniocervical distraction injury in adults. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(1):52-8, 2009
- Gutiérrez-González R et al: Retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele formation as a traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation complication: case report and review. Eur Spine J. 17 Suppl 2:S253-6, 2008
- Horn EM et al: Survivors of occipitoatlantal dislocation injuries: imaging and clinical correlates. J Neurosurg Spine. 6(2):113-20, 2007
- Pang D et al: Atlanto-occipital dislocation--part 2: The clinical use of (occipital) condyle-C1 interval, comparison with other diagnostic methods, and the manifestation, management, and outcome of atlanto-occipital dislocation in children. Neurosurgery. 61(5):995-1015; discussion 1015, 2007
- Rojas CA et al: Reassessment of the craniocervical junction: normal values on CT. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28(9):1819-23, 2007
- Hanson JA et al: Radiologic and clinical spectrum of occipital condyle fractures: retrospective review of 107 consecutive fractures in 95 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(5):1261-8, 2002
- Chaljub G et al: Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation: MRI and CT. Neuroradiology. 43(1):41-4, 2001
- Saeheng S et al: Traumatic occipitoatlantal dislocation. Surg Neurol. 55(1):35-40; discussion 40, 2001
- Harris JH Jr et al: Radiologic diagnosis of traumatic occipitovertebral dissociation: 2. Comparison of three methods of detecting occipitovertebral relationships on lateral radiographs of supine subjects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 162(4):887-92, 1994
- Dickman CA et al: Traumatic occipitoatlantal dislocations. J Spinal Disord. 6(4):300-13, 1993
