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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Atypical carcinoid (AC)
Synonyms
- "Bronchial adenoma" formerly used to describe tumors arising in central airways (trachea and mainstem bronchi)
- Encompassed several central airway malignant neoplasms
- Bronchial carcinoid
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- All carcinoid tumors are malignant; therefore, term "adenoma" should not be used
- Encompassed several central airway malignant neoplasms
- "Bronchial adenoma" formerly used to describe tumors arising in central airways (trachea and mainstem bronchi)
Definitions
- Intermediate-grade malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm
- Arises from normal neuroendocrine cells in tracheobronchial epithelium
- 2-10 mitoses/10 high-power fields (HPF) or necrosis
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Caplin ME et al: Pulmonary Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Tumors: European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Best Practice for Typical and Atypical Pulmonary Carcinoid. Ann Oncol. ePub, 2015
- Chong CR et al: Chemotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic pulmonary carcinoid tumors. Lung Cancer. 86(2):241-6, 2014
- Filosso PL et al: Clinical management of atypical carcinoid and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a multicentre study on behalf of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Lung Working Group. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 48(1):55-64, 2015.
- Lococo F et al: PET/CT assessment of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung with special emphasis on bronchial carcinoids. Tumour Biol. 35(9):8369-77, 2014
- Steuer CE et al: Atypical Carcinoid Tumor of the Lung: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database Analysis. J Thorac Oncol. ePub, 2014
- Travis WD: Pathology and diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors: lung neuroendocrine. Thorac Surg Clin. 24(3):257-66, 2014
- Benson RE et al: Spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine proliferations and neoplasms. Radiographics. 33(6):1631-49, 2013
- Travis WD: Advances in neuroendocrine lung tumors. Ann Oncol. 21 Suppl 7:vii65-71, 2010
- Aubry MC et al: Significance of multiple carcinoid tumors and tumorlets in surgical lung specimens: analysis of 28 patients. Chest. 131(6):1635-43, 2007
- Davies SJ et al: Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: an under-recognised spectrum of disease. Thorax. 62(3):248-52, 2007
- Divisi D et al: Carcinoid tumors of the lung and multimodal therapy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 53(3):168-72, 2005
- Renshaw AA et al: Distinguishing carcinoid tumor from small cell carcinoma of the lung: correlating cytologic features and performance in the College of American Pathologists Non-Gynecologic Cytology Program. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 129(5):614-8, 2005
- Jeung MY et al: Bronchial carcinoid tumors of the thorax: spectrum of radiologic findings. Radiographics. 22(2):351-65, 2002
- Fraser RS et al: Fraser and Pare's Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest, vol. II. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 1229-43, 1999
- Rosado de Christenson ML et al: Thoracic carcinoids: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 19(3):707-36, 1999
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Atypical carcinoid (AC)
Synonyms
- "Bronchial adenoma" formerly used to describe tumors arising in central airways (trachea and mainstem bronchi)
- Encompassed several central airway malignant neoplasms
- Bronchial carcinoid
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- All carcinoid tumors are malignant; therefore, term "adenoma" should not be used
- Encompassed several central airway malignant neoplasms
- "Bronchial adenoma" formerly used to describe tumors arising in central airways (trachea and mainstem bronchi)
Definitions
- Intermediate-grade malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm
- Arises from normal neuroendocrine cells in tracheobronchial epithelium
- 2-10 mitoses/10 high-power fields (HPF) or necrosis
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Caplin ME et al: Pulmonary Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Tumors: European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Best Practice for Typical and Atypical Pulmonary Carcinoid. Ann Oncol. ePub, 2015
- Chong CR et al: Chemotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic pulmonary carcinoid tumors. Lung Cancer. 86(2):241-6, 2014
- Filosso PL et al: Clinical management of atypical carcinoid and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a multicentre study on behalf of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Lung Working Group. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 48(1):55-64, 2015.
- Lococo F et al: PET/CT assessment of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung with special emphasis on bronchial carcinoids. Tumour Biol. 35(9):8369-77, 2014
- Steuer CE et al: Atypical Carcinoid Tumor of the Lung: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database Analysis. J Thorac Oncol. ePub, 2014
- Travis WD: Pathology and diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors: lung neuroendocrine. Thorac Surg Clin. 24(3):257-66, 2014
- Benson RE et al: Spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine proliferations and neoplasms. Radiographics. 33(6):1631-49, 2013
- Travis WD: Advances in neuroendocrine lung tumors. Ann Oncol. 21 Suppl 7:vii65-71, 2010
- Aubry MC et al: Significance of multiple carcinoid tumors and tumorlets in surgical lung specimens: analysis of 28 patients. Chest. 131(6):1635-43, 2007
- Davies SJ et al: Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: an under-recognised spectrum of disease. Thorax. 62(3):248-52, 2007
- Divisi D et al: Carcinoid tumors of the lung and multimodal therapy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 53(3):168-72, 2005
- Renshaw AA et al: Distinguishing carcinoid tumor from small cell carcinoma of the lung: correlating cytologic features and performance in the College of American Pathologists Non-Gynecologic Cytology Program. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 129(5):614-8, 2005
- Jeung MY et al: Bronchial carcinoid tumors of the thorax: spectrum of radiologic findings. Radiographics. 22(2):351-65, 2002
- Fraser RS et al: Fraser and Pare's Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest, vol. II. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 1229-43, 1999
- Rosado de Christenson ML et al: Thoracic carcinoids: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 19(3):707-36, 1999
