Humeral avulsion of inferior glenohumeral ligament (HAGL)
By convention, term refers to anterior band of inferior glenohumeral ligament
Inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL)
Middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL)
Reverse HAGL (RHAGL), avulsion of posterior band of inferior glenohumeral ligament
Superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL)
Glenolabral articular disruption (GLAD)
Superior labrum tear from anterior to posterior (SLAP)
By definition involves biceps anchor
May propagate to involve anterior &/or posterior labrum
Definitions
Injury to anterior labrum & anterior glenohumeral ligaments
Multiple different patterns of injury distinguished
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Mannem R et al: Glenoid avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (GAGL): a case report and review of the anatomy. Skeletal Radiol. 45(10):1443-8, 2016
Omoumi P et al: Diagnostic performance of CT-arthrography and 1.5T MR-arthrography for the assessment of glenohumeral joint cartilage: a comparative study with arthroscopic correlation. Eur Radiol. 25(4):961-9, 2015
Waldt S et al: Anterior shoulder instability: accuracy of MR arthrography in the classification of anteroinferior labroligamentous injuries. Radiology. 237(2):578-83, 2005
Bui-Mansfield LT et al: Humeral avulsions of the glenohumeral ligament: imaging features and a review of the literature. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 179(3):649-55, 2002
Burkart AC et al: Anatomy and function of the glenohumeral ligaments in anterior shoulder instability. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (400):32-9, 2002
Wischer TK et al: Perthes lesion (a variant of the Bankart lesion): MR imaging and MR arthrographic findings with surgical correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(1):233-7, 2002
Savoie FH 3rd et al: Straight anterior instability: Lesions of the middle glenohumeral ligament. Arthroscopy. 17(3):229-235, 2001
Humeral avulsion of inferior glenohumeral ligament (HAGL)
By convention, term refers to anterior band of inferior glenohumeral ligament
Inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL)
Middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL)
Reverse HAGL (RHAGL), avulsion of posterior band of inferior glenohumeral ligament
Superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL)
Glenolabral articular disruption (GLAD)
Superior labrum tear from anterior to posterior (SLAP)
By definition involves biceps anchor
May propagate to involve anterior &/or posterior labrum
Definitions
Injury to anterior labrum & anterior glenohumeral ligaments
Multiple different patterns of injury distinguished
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Mannem R et al: Glenoid avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (GAGL): a case report and review of the anatomy. Skeletal Radiol. 45(10):1443-8, 2016
Omoumi P et al: Diagnostic performance of CT-arthrography and 1.5T MR-arthrography for the assessment of glenohumeral joint cartilage: a comparative study with arthroscopic correlation. Eur Radiol. 25(4):961-9, 2015
Waldt S et al: Anterior shoulder instability: accuracy of MR arthrography in the classification of anteroinferior labroligamentous injuries. Radiology. 237(2):578-83, 2005
Bui-Mansfield LT et al: Humeral avulsions of the glenohumeral ligament: imaging features and a review of the literature. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 179(3):649-55, 2002
Burkart AC et al: Anatomy and function of the glenohumeral ligaments in anterior shoulder instability. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (400):32-9, 2002
Wischer TK et al: Perthes lesion (a variant of the Bankart lesion): MR imaging and MR arthrographic findings with surgical correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(1):233-7, 2002
Savoie FH 3rd et al: Straight anterior instability: Lesions of the middle glenohumeral ligament. Arthroscopy. 17(3):229-235, 2001
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