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Musculoskeletal
Diagnosis
Trauma
Shoulder and Humerus
Capsule and Labrum
Instability and Labrum
Bankart Lesion
Bankart Lesion
Soterios Gyftopoulos, MD, MSc; Michael J. Tuite, MD; Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Synonyms

              • Anteroinferior labral tear

            • Definitions

              • Tearing of anteroinferior labrum and capsule insertion of anterior band of inferior glenohumeral ligament (ABIGL)

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Radiographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Imaging Recommendations

                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                        PATHOLOGY

                        • General Features

                          • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                            • Presentation

                              • Demographics

                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                  • Treatment

                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                    • Consider

                                      • Reporting Tips

                                        Selected References

                                        1. Burke CJ et al: Anterior instability: what to look for. Magn Reson Imaging Clinics of North Am. 28(2):195-209, 2020
                                        2. Larribe M et al: Anterior shoulder instability: the role of advanced shoulder imaging in preoperative planning. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 18(4):398-403, 2014
                                        3. Dietrich TJ et al: Articular cartilage and labral lesions of the glenohumeral joint: diagnostic performance of 3D water-excitation true FISP MR arthrography. Skeletal Radiol. 39(5):473-80, 2010
                                        4. Jung JY et al: Comparison study of indirect MR arthrography and direct MR arthrography of the shoulder. Skeletal Radiol. 38(7):659-67, 2009
                                        5. Schreinemachers SA et al: Is a single direct MR arthrography series in ABER position as accurate in detecting anteroinferior labroligamentous lesions as conventional MR arthography? Skeletal Radiol. 38(7):675-83, 2009
                                        6. Song HT et al: The usefulness of virtual MR arthroscopy as an adjunct to conventional MR arthrography in detecting anterior labral lesions of the shoulder. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(4):W149-55, 2009
                                        7. Lee MJ et al: Gradient-recalled echo sequences in direct shoulder MR arthrography for evaluating the labrum. Skeletal Radiol. 37(1):19-25, 2008
                                        8. Antonio GE et al: First-time shoulder dislocation: high prevalence of labral injury and age-related differences revealed by MR arthrography. J Magn Reson Imaging. 26(4):983-91, 2007
                                        9. Van der Woude HJ et al: MR arthrography in glenohumeral instability. JBR-BTR. 90(5):377-83, 2007
                                        10. Robinson G et al: Normal anatomy and common labral lesions at MR arthrography of the shoulder. Clin Radiol. 61(10):805-21, 2006
                                        11. Song HT et al: Anterior-inferior labral lesions of recurrent shoulder dislocation evaluated by MR arthrography in an adduction internal rotation (ADIR) position. J Magn Reson Imaging. 23(1):29-35, 2006
                                        12. Ito Y et al: Computerized assessment of Bankart lesions under tension with magnetic resonance arthrography. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 14(3):247-51, 2005
                                        13. Takase K et al: Intraarticular lesions in traumatic anterior shoulder instability: a study based on the results of diagnostic imaging. Acta Orthop. 76(6):854-7, 2005
                                        14. Waldt S et al: Anterior shoulder instability: accuracy of MR arthrography in the classification of anteroinferior labroligamentous injuries. Radiology. 237(2):578-83, 2005
                                        15. Applegate GR et al: Chronic labral tears: value of magnetic resonance arthrography in evaluating the glenoid labrum and labral-bicipital complex. Arthroscopy. 20(9):959-63, 2004
                                        16. McCauley TR: MR imaging of the glenoid labrum. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 12(1):97-109, vi-vii, 2004
                                        17. Rafii M: Non-contrast MR imaging of the glenohumeral joint. Part II. Glenohumeral instability and labrum tears. Skeletal Radiol. 33(11):617-26, 2004
                                        18. Choi JA et al: Comparison between conventional MR arthrography and abduction and external rotation MR arthrography in revealing tears of the antero-inferior glenoid labrum. Korean J Radiol. 2(4):216-21, 2001
                                        19. Wutke R et al: Direct MR arthrography of the shoulder: 2D vs. 3D gradient-echo imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 19(9):1183-91, 2001
                                        20. Brenner ML et al: Direct MR arthrography of the shoulder: is exercise prior to imaging beneficial or detrimental? Radiology. 215(2):491-6, 2000
                                        21. Tuite MJ et al: Fat-suppressed fast spin-echo mid-TE (TE[effective]=34) MR images: comparison with fast spin-echo T2-weighted images for the diagnosis of tears and anatomic variants of the glenoid labrum. Skeletal Radiol. 28(12):685-90, 1999
                                        22. Tuite MJ et al: CT and MR arthrography of the glenoid labroligamentous complex. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2(4):363-76, 1998
                                        23. Yeh L et al: Anterior labroligamentous structures of the glenohumeral joint: correlation of MR arthrography and anatomic dissection in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(5):1229-36, 1998
                                        24. Beltran J et al: Glenohumeral instability: evaluation with MR arthrography. Radiographics. 17(3):657-73, 1997
                                        25. Cvitanic O et al: Using abduction and external rotation of the shoulder to increase the sensitivity of MR arthrography in revealing tears of the anterior glenoid labrum. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(3):837-44, 1997
                                        26. Tuite MJ et al: Anteroinferior tears of the glenoid labrum: fat-suppressed fast spin-echo T2 versus gradient-recalled echo MR images. Skeletal Radiol. 26(5):293-7, 1997
                                        27. Palmer WE et al: Anterior shoulder instability: diagnostic criteria determined from prospective analysis of 121 MR arthrograms. Radiology. 197(3):819-25, 1995
                                        28. Tuite MJ et al: MR diagnosis of labral tears of the shoulder: value of T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo images made in external rotation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(4):941-4, 1995
                                        29. Palmer WE et al: Labral-ligamentous complex of the shoulder: evaluation with MR arthrography. Radiology. 190(3):645-51, 1994
                                        Related Anatomy
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                                        Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                        References
                                        Tables

                                        Tables

                                        KEY FACTS

                                        • Terminology

                                          • Imaging

                                            • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                              • Clinical Issues

                                                • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                                  • Synonyms

                                                    • Anteroinferior labral tear

                                                  • Definitions

                                                    • Tearing of anteroinferior labrum and capsule insertion of anterior band of inferior glenohumeral ligament (ABIGL)

                                                  IMAGING

                                                  • General Features

                                                    • Radiographic Findings

                                                      • CT Findings

                                                        • MR Findings

                                                          • Imaging Recommendations

                                                            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                              PATHOLOGY

                                                              • General Features

                                                                • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                  • Presentation

                                                                    • Demographics

                                                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                        • Treatment

                                                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                          • Consider

                                                                            • Reporting Tips

                                                                              Selected References

                                                                              1. Burke CJ et al: Anterior instability: what to look for. Magn Reson Imaging Clinics of North Am. 28(2):195-209, 2020
                                                                              2. Larribe M et al: Anterior shoulder instability: the role of advanced shoulder imaging in preoperative planning. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 18(4):398-403, 2014
                                                                              3. Dietrich TJ et al: Articular cartilage and labral lesions of the glenohumeral joint: diagnostic performance of 3D water-excitation true FISP MR arthrography. Skeletal Radiol. 39(5):473-80, 2010
                                                                              4. Jung JY et al: Comparison study of indirect MR arthrography and direct MR arthrography of the shoulder. Skeletal Radiol. 38(7):659-67, 2009
                                                                              5. Schreinemachers SA et al: Is a single direct MR arthrography series in ABER position as accurate in detecting anteroinferior labroligamentous lesions as conventional MR arthography? Skeletal Radiol. 38(7):675-83, 2009
                                                                              6. Song HT et al: The usefulness of virtual MR arthroscopy as an adjunct to conventional MR arthrography in detecting anterior labral lesions of the shoulder. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(4):W149-55, 2009
                                                                              7. Lee MJ et al: Gradient-recalled echo sequences in direct shoulder MR arthrography for evaluating the labrum. Skeletal Radiol. 37(1):19-25, 2008
                                                                              8. Antonio GE et al: First-time shoulder dislocation: high prevalence of labral injury and age-related differences revealed by MR arthrography. J Magn Reson Imaging. 26(4):983-91, 2007
                                                                              9. Van der Woude HJ et al: MR arthrography in glenohumeral instability. JBR-BTR. 90(5):377-83, 2007
                                                                              10. Robinson G et al: Normal anatomy and common labral lesions at MR arthrography of the shoulder. Clin Radiol. 61(10):805-21, 2006
                                                                              11. Song HT et al: Anterior-inferior labral lesions of recurrent shoulder dislocation evaluated by MR arthrography in an adduction internal rotation (ADIR) position. J Magn Reson Imaging. 23(1):29-35, 2006
                                                                              12. Ito Y et al: Computerized assessment of Bankart lesions under tension with magnetic resonance arthrography. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 14(3):247-51, 2005
                                                                              13. Takase K et al: Intraarticular lesions in traumatic anterior shoulder instability: a study based on the results of diagnostic imaging. Acta Orthop. 76(6):854-7, 2005
                                                                              14. Waldt S et al: Anterior shoulder instability: accuracy of MR arthrography in the classification of anteroinferior labroligamentous injuries. Radiology. 237(2):578-83, 2005
                                                                              15. Applegate GR et al: Chronic labral tears: value of magnetic resonance arthrography in evaluating the glenoid labrum and labral-bicipital complex. Arthroscopy. 20(9):959-63, 2004
                                                                              16. McCauley TR: MR imaging of the glenoid labrum. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 12(1):97-109, vi-vii, 2004
                                                                              17. Rafii M: Non-contrast MR imaging of the glenohumeral joint. Part II. Glenohumeral instability and labrum tears. Skeletal Radiol. 33(11):617-26, 2004
                                                                              18. Choi JA et al: Comparison between conventional MR arthrography and abduction and external rotation MR arthrography in revealing tears of the antero-inferior glenoid labrum. Korean J Radiol. 2(4):216-21, 2001
                                                                              19. Wutke R et al: Direct MR arthrography of the shoulder: 2D vs. 3D gradient-echo imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 19(9):1183-91, 2001
                                                                              20. Brenner ML et al: Direct MR arthrography of the shoulder: is exercise prior to imaging beneficial or detrimental? Radiology. 215(2):491-6, 2000
                                                                              21. Tuite MJ et al: Fat-suppressed fast spin-echo mid-TE (TE[effective]=34) MR images: comparison with fast spin-echo T2-weighted images for the diagnosis of tears and anatomic variants of the glenoid labrum. Skeletal Radiol. 28(12):685-90, 1999
                                                                              22. Tuite MJ et al: CT and MR arthrography of the glenoid labroligamentous complex. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2(4):363-76, 1998
                                                                              23. Yeh L et al: Anterior labroligamentous structures of the glenohumeral joint: correlation of MR arthrography and anatomic dissection in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(5):1229-36, 1998
                                                                              24. Beltran J et al: Glenohumeral instability: evaluation with MR arthrography. Radiographics. 17(3):657-73, 1997
                                                                              25. Cvitanic O et al: Using abduction and external rotation of the shoulder to increase the sensitivity of MR arthrography in revealing tears of the anterior glenoid labrum. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(3):837-44, 1997
                                                                              26. Tuite MJ et al: Anteroinferior tears of the glenoid labrum: fat-suppressed fast spin-echo T2 versus gradient-recalled echo MR images. Skeletal Radiol. 26(5):293-7, 1997
                                                                              27. Palmer WE et al: Anterior shoulder instability: diagnostic criteria determined from prospective analysis of 121 MR arthrograms. Radiology. 197(3):819-25, 1995
                                                                              28. Tuite MJ et al: MR diagnosis of labral tears of the shoulder: value of T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo images made in external rotation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(4):941-4, 1995
                                                                              29. Palmer WE et al: Labral-ligamentous complex of the shoulder: evaluation with MR arthrography. Radiology. 190(3):645-51, 1994