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Spine
Differential Diagnosis
Craniovertebral Junction
Anatomically Based Differentials
Basilar Invagination
Basilar Invagination
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

    ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

    • Key Differential Diagnosis Issues

      • Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses

        • Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses

          • Helpful Clues for Rare Diagnoses

            Selected References

            1. Tong HY et al: Can posterior reduction replace odontoidectomy as treatment for patients with congenital posterior atlantoaxial dislocation and basilar invagination? Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 18(6):660-7, 2020
            2. Langridge B et al: Chiari malformation type 1: a systematic review of natural history and conservative management. World Neurosurg. 104:213-19, 2017
            3. Wei G et al: Treatment of basilar invagination with Klippel-Feil syndrome: atlantoaxial joint distraction and fixation with transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate. Neurosurgery. 78(4):492-8, 2016
            4. Dokai T et al: Posterior occipitocervical fixation under skull-femoral traction for the treatment of basilar impression in a child with Klippel-Feil syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 93(11):1571-4, 2011
            5. Miyoshi Y et al: Noonan syndrome with occipito-atlantal dislocation and upper cervical cord compression due to C1 dysplasia and basilar invagination. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 51(6):463-6, 2011
            6. Peng X et al: Treatment of primary basilar invagination by cervical traction and posterior instrumented reduction together with occipitocervical fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(19):1528-31, 2011
            7. Sankhe SS et al: Neuroimaging in craniovertebral anomalies as seen in the tropics. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 21(4):879-95, ix, 2011
            8. Galarza M et al: Cerebral anomalies and Chiari type 1 malformation. Pediatr Neurosurg. 46(6):442-9, 2010
            9. Goel A et al: Vertical atlantoaxial dislocation as a cause of failure of midline fixation. J Clin Neurosci. 17(10):1345-6, 2010
            10. Shah A et al: Clival dysgenesis associated with Chiari type 1 malformation and syringomyelia. J Clin Neurosci. 17(3):400-1, 2010
            11. Smith JS et al: Basilar invagination. Neurosurgery. 66(3 Suppl):39-47, 2010
            12. Goel A et al: Reversal of longstanding musculoskeletal changes in basilar invagination after surgical decompression and stabilization. J Neurosurg Spine. 10(3):220-7, 2009
            13. Goel A: Basilar invagination, Chiari malformation, syringomyelia: a review. Neurol India. 57(3):235-46, 2009
            14. Takatani R et al: Hajdu-Cheney syndrome: infantile onset of hydrocephalus and serpentine fibulae. Pediatr Int. 51(6):831-3, 2009
            15. Ahmed R et al: Fusions at the craniovertebral junction. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(10):1209-24, 2008
            16. Kulkarni AG et al: Vertical atlantoaxial index: a new craniovertebral radiographic index. J Spinal Disord Tech. 21(1):4-10, 2008
            17. Menezes AH: Specific entities affecting the craniocervical region: Down's syndrome. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(10):1165-8, 2008
            18. Smoker WR et al: Imaging the craniocervical junction. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(10):1123-45, 2008
            19. Di Rocco F et al: Spontaneous regression of syringomyelia in Hajdu-Cheney syndrome with severe platybasia. Case report. J Neurosurg. 103(2 Suppl):194-7, 2005
            20. Ricchetti ET et al: Radiographic study of the upper cervical spine in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 86-A(8):1751-60, 2004
            21. Cahill DW: Cranial settling. J Neurosurg. 97(2 Suppl):272; author reply 272, 2002
            22. Kauppi M et al: Diagnosing atlantoaxial impaction and basilar invagination. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 84-A(3):491-2, 2002
            Related Anatomy
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            Related Differential Diagnoses
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            References
            Tables

            Tables

            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

              ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

              • Key Differential Diagnosis Issues

                • Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses

                  • Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses

                    • Helpful Clues for Rare Diagnoses

                      Selected References

                      1. Tong HY et al: Can posterior reduction replace odontoidectomy as treatment for patients with congenital posterior atlantoaxial dislocation and basilar invagination? Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 18(6):660-7, 2020
                      2. Langridge B et al: Chiari malformation type 1: a systematic review of natural history and conservative management. World Neurosurg. 104:213-19, 2017
                      3. Wei G et al: Treatment of basilar invagination with Klippel-Feil syndrome: atlantoaxial joint distraction and fixation with transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate. Neurosurgery. 78(4):492-8, 2016
                      4. Dokai T et al: Posterior occipitocervical fixation under skull-femoral traction for the treatment of basilar impression in a child with Klippel-Feil syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 93(11):1571-4, 2011
                      5. Miyoshi Y et al: Noonan syndrome with occipito-atlantal dislocation and upper cervical cord compression due to C1 dysplasia and basilar invagination. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 51(6):463-6, 2011
                      6. Peng X et al: Treatment of primary basilar invagination by cervical traction and posterior instrumented reduction together with occipitocervical fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(19):1528-31, 2011
                      7. Sankhe SS et al: Neuroimaging in craniovertebral anomalies as seen in the tropics. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 21(4):879-95, ix, 2011
                      8. Galarza M et al: Cerebral anomalies and Chiari type 1 malformation. Pediatr Neurosurg. 46(6):442-9, 2010
                      9. Goel A et al: Vertical atlantoaxial dislocation as a cause of failure of midline fixation. J Clin Neurosci. 17(10):1345-6, 2010
                      10. Shah A et al: Clival dysgenesis associated with Chiari type 1 malformation and syringomyelia. J Clin Neurosci. 17(3):400-1, 2010
                      11. Smith JS et al: Basilar invagination. Neurosurgery. 66(3 Suppl):39-47, 2010
                      12. Goel A et al: Reversal of longstanding musculoskeletal changes in basilar invagination after surgical decompression and stabilization. J Neurosurg Spine. 10(3):220-7, 2009
                      13. Goel A: Basilar invagination, Chiari malformation, syringomyelia: a review. Neurol India. 57(3):235-46, 2009
                      14. Takatani R et al: Hajdu-Cheney syndrome: infantile onset of hydrocephalus and serpentine fibulae. Pediatr Int. 51(6):831-3, 2009
                      15. Ahmed R et al: Fusions at the craniovertebral junction. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(10):1209-24, 2008
                      16. Kulkarni AG et al: Vertical atlantoaxial index: a new craniovertebral radiographic index. J Spinal Disord Tech. 21(1):4-10, 2008
                      17. Menezes AH: Specific entities affecting the craniocervical region: Down's syndrome. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(10):1165-8, 2008
                      18. Smoker WR et al: Imaging the craniocervical junction. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(10):1123-45, 2008
                      19. Di Rocco F et al: Spontaneous regression of syringomyelia in Hajdu-Cheney syndrome with severe platybasia. Case report. J Neurosurg. 103(2 Suppl):194-7, 2005
                      20. Ricchetti ET et al: Radiographic study of the upper cervical spine in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 86-A(8):1751-60, 2004
                      21. Cahill DW: Cranial settling. J Neurosurg. 97(2 Suppl):272; author reply 272, 2002
                      22. Kauppi M et al: Diagnosing atlantoaxial impaction and basilar invagination. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 84-A(3):491-2, 2002