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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Bell palsy (BP)
Synonyms
- Herpetic facial paralysis
Definitions
- BP (original definition): Idiopathic acute onset of lower motor neuron facial paralysis
- BP (modern definition): Herpetic facial paralysis secondary to herpes simplex virus
Other Facts
- Named after Sir Charles Bell (1774-1842), who 1st described BP syndrome
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Hohman MH et al: Etiology, diagnosis, and management of facial palsy: 2000 patients at a facial nerve center. Laryngoscope. 124(7):E283-93, 2014
- Vianna M et al: Differences in the diameter of facial nerve and facial canal in bell's palsy--a 3-dimensional temporal bone study. Otol Neurotol. 35(3):514-8, 2014
- Zandian A et al: The neurologist's dilemma: a comprehensive clinical review of Bell's palsy, with emphasis on current management trends. Med Sci Monit. 20:83-90, 2014
- Baugh RF et al: Clinical practice guideline: Bell's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 149(3 Suppl):S1-27, 2013
- Song MH et al: Clinical significance of quantitative analysis of facial nerve enhancement on MRI in Bell's palsy. Acta Otolaryngol. 128(11):1259-65, 2008
- Yeo SG et al: Acyclovir plus steroid vs steroid alone in the treatment of Bell's palsy. Am J Otolaryngol. 29(3):163-6, 2008
- Kim IS et al: Correlation between MRI and operative findings in Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Yonsei Med J. 48(6):963-8, 2007
- Sullivan FM et al: Early treatment with prednisolone or acyclovir in Bell's palsy. N Engl J Med. 357(16):1598-607, 2007
- Kress B et al: Bell palsy: quantitative analysis of MR imaging data as a method of predicting outcome. Radiology. 230(2):504-9, 2004
- Unlu Z et al: Serologic examinations of hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, and rubella in patients with Bell's palsy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 82(1):28-32, 2003
- Kress BP et al: Bell's palsy: what is the prognostic value of measurements of signal intensity increases with contrast enhancement on MRI? Neuroradiology. 44(5):428-33, 2002
- Suzuki F et al: Herpes virus reactivation and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with facial palsy. Otol Neurotol. 22(4):549-53, 2001
- Engstrom M et al: Serial gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and assessment of facial nerve function in Bell's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 117(5):559-66, 1997
- Adour KK: Medical management of idiopathic (Bell's) palsy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 24(3):663-73, 1991
- Schwaber MK et al: Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in Bell's palsy. Laryngoscope. 100(12):1264-9, 1990
- Tien R et al: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the facial nerve in 11 patients with Bell's palsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 11(4):735-41, 1990
- Daniels DL et al: MR imaging of facial nerve enhancement in Bell palsy or after temporal bone surgery. Radiology. 171(3):807-9, 1989
- Matsumoto Y et al: Facial nerve biopsy for etiologic clarification of Bell's palsy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 137:22-7, 1988
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Bell palsy (BP)
Synonyms
- Herpetic facial paralysis
Definitions
- BP (original definition): Idiopathic acute onset of lower motor neuron facial paralysis
- BP (modern definition): Herpetic facial paralysis secondary to herpes simplex virus
Other Facts
- Named after Sir Charles Bell (1774-1842), who 1st described BP syndrome
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Hohman MH et al: Etiology, diagnosis, and management of facial palsy: 2000 patients at a facial nerve center. Laryngoscope. 124(7):E283-93, 2014
- Vianna M et al: Differences in the diameter of facial nerve and facial canal in bell's palsy--a 3-dimensional temporal bone study. Otol Neurotol. 35(3):514-8, 2014
- Zandian A et al: The neurologist's dilemma: a comprehensive clinical review of Bell's palsy, with emphasis on current management trends. Med Sci Monit. 20:83-90, 2014
- Baugh RF et al: Clinical practice guideline: Bell's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 149(3 Suppl):S1-27, 2013
- Song MH et al: Clinical significance of quantitative analysis of facial nerve enhancement on MRI in Bell's palsy. Acta Otolaryngol. 128(11):1259-65, 2008
- Yeo SG et al: Acyclovir plus steroid vs steroid alone in the treatment of Bell's palsy. Am J Otolaryngol. 29(3):163-6, 2008
- Kim IS et al: Correlation between MRI and operative findings in Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Yonsei Med J. 48(6):963-8, 2007
- Sullivan FM et al: Early treatment with prednisolone or acyclovir in Bell's palsy. N Engl J Med. 357(16):1598-607, 2007
- Kress B et al: Bell palsy: quantitative analysis of MR imaging data as a method of predicting outcome. Radiology. 230(2):504-9, 2004
- Unlu Z et al: Serologic examinations of hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, and rubella in patients with Bell's palsy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 82(1):28-32, 2003
- Kress BP et al: Bell's palsy: what is the prognostic value of measurements of signal intensity increases with contrast enhancement on MRI? Neuroradiology. 44(5):428-33, 2002
- Suzuki F et al: Herpes virus reactivation and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with facial palsy. Otol Neurotol. 22(4):549-53, 2001
- Engstrom M et al: Serial gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and assessment of facial nerve function in Bell's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 117(5):559-66, 1997
- Adour KK: Medical management of idiopathic (Bell's) palsy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 24(3):663-73, 1991
- Schwaber MK et al: Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in Bell's palsy. Laryngoscope. 100(12):1264-9, 1990
- Tien R et al: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the facial nerve in 11 patients with Bell's palsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 11(4):735-41, 1990
- Daniels DL et al: MR imaging of facial nerve enhancement in Bell palsy or after temporal bone surgery. Radiology. 171(3):807-9, 1989
- Matsumoto Y et al: Facial nerve biopsy for etiologic clarification of Bell's palsy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 137:22-7, 1988
