BPH: Enlarged prostate secondary to stromal, smooth muscle, and glandular hyperplasia; associated with bladder outlet obstruction
Benign prostate enlargement (BPE): Enlarged prostate without clinical evidence of BPH
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Walker SM et al: Role of mpMRI in benign prostatic hyperplasia assessment and treatment. Curr Urol Rep. 21(12):55, 2020
American College of Radiology: Prostate Imaging and Data System version 2.1. 2019. https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/RADS/Pi-RADS/PIRADS-V2-1.pdf
Turkbey B et al: Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.1: 2019 update of prostate imaging reporting and data system Version 2. Eur Urol. 76(3):340-51, 2019
Audouin M et al: Typology of intravesical prostatic protrusions, or so-called median lobes, in middle-aged and older men. Surg Radiol Anat. 40(4):389-93, 2018
Foster HE et al: Surgical management of lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia: AUA guideline. J Urol. 200(3):612-9, 2018
Guneyli S et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Diagn Interv Radiol. 22(3):215-9, 2016
Kitzing YX et al: Benign conditions that mimic prostate carcinoma: MR imaging features with histopathologic correlation. Radiographics. 36(1):162-75, 2016
Purysko AS et al: PI-RADS version 2: a pictorial update. Radiographics. 36(5):1354-72, 2016
Vuichoud C et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: epidemiology, economics and evaluation. Can J Urol. 22 Suppl 1:1-6, 2015
Rosenkrantz AB et al: Radiologist, be aware: ten pitfalls that confound the interpretation of multiparametric prostate MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 202(1):109-20, 2014
Chesnais AL et al: Differentiation of transitional zone prostate cancer from benign hyperplasia nodules: evaluation of discriminant criteria at multiparametric MRI. Clin Radiol. 68(6):e323-30, 2013
Hoeks CM et al: Transition zone prostate cancer: detection and localization with 3-T multiparametric MR imaging. Radiology. 266(1):207-17, 2013
Jung SI et al: Transition zone prostate cancer: incremental value of diffusion-weighted endorectal MR imaging in tumor detection and assessment of aggressiveness. Radiology. 269(2):493-503, 2013
Mitterberger M et al: Ultrasound of the prostate. Cancer Imaging. 10:40-8, 2010
Oto A et al: Prostate cancer: differentiation of central gland cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia by using diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 257(3):715-23, 2010
Loeb S et al: Prostate volume changes over time: results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Urol. 182(4):1458-62, 2009
Kanao K et al: Three-dimensional ultrasonography in evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Urol. 11(12):1087-91, 2004
Tubaro A et al: Investigation of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Opin Urol. 13(1):17-22, 2003
Grossfeld GD et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical overview and value of diagnostic imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 38(1):31-47, 2000
Aarnink RG et al: Aspects of imaging in the assessment and follow up of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Opin Urol. 9(1):21-9, 1999
Ishida J et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: value of MR imaging for determining histologic type. Radiology. 190(2):329-31, 1994
Arrighi HM et al: Natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia and risk of prostatectomy. The Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. Urology. 38(1 Suppl):4-8, 1991
Schiebler ML et al: Prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia: correlation of high-resolution MR and histopathologic findings. Radiology. 172(1):131-7, 1989
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Synonyms
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Definitions
BPH: Enlarged prostate secondary to stromal, smooth muscle, and glandular hyperplasia; associated with bladder outlet obstruction
Benign prostate enlargement (BPE): Enlarged prostate without clinical evidence of BPH
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Walker SM et al: Role of mpMRI in benign prostatic hyperplasia assessment and treatment. Curr Urol Rep. 21(12):55, 2020
American College of Radiology: Prostate Imaging and Data System version 2.1. 2019. https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/RADS/Pi-RADS/PIRADS-V2-1.pdf
Turkbey B et al: Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.1: 2019 update of prostate imaging reporting and data system Version 2. Eur Urol. 76(3):340-51, 2019
Audouin M et al: Typology of intravesical prostatic protrusions, or so-called median lobes, in middle-aged and older men. Surg Radiol Anat. 40(4):389-93, 2018
Foster HE et al: Surgical management of lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia: AUA guideline. J Urol. 200(3):612-9, 2018
Guneyli S et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Diagn Interv Radiol. 22(3):215-9, 2016
Kitzing YX et al: Benign conditions that mimic prostate carcinoma: MR imaging features with histopathologic correlation. Radiographics. 36(1):162-75, 2016
Purysko AS et al: PI-RADS version 2: a pictorial update. Radiographics. 36(5):1354-72, 2016
Vuichoud C et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: epidemiology, economics and evaluation. Can J Urol. 22 Suppl 1:1-6, 2015
Rosenkrantz AB et al: Radiologist, be aware: ten pitfalls that confound the interpretation of multiparametric prostate MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 202(1):109-20, 2014
Chesnais AL et al: Differentiation of transitional zone prostate cancer from benign hyperplasia nodules: evaluation of discriminant criteria at multiparametric MRI. Clin Radiol. 68(6):e323-30, 2013
Hoeks CM et al: Transition zone prostate cancer: detection and localization with 3-T multiparametric MR imaging. Radiology. 266(1):207-17, 2013
Jung SI et al: Transition zone prostate cancer: incremental value of diffusion-weighted endorectal MR imaging in tumor detection and assessment of aggressiveness. Radiology. 269(2):493-503, 2013
Mitterberger M et al: Ultrasound of the prostate. Cancer Imaging. 10:40-8, 2010
Oto A et al: Prostate cancer: differentiation of central gland cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia by using diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 257(3):715-23, 2010
Loeb S et al: Prostate volume changes over time: results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Urol. 182(4):1458-62, 2009
Kanao K et al: Three-dimensional ultrasonography in evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Urol. 11(12):1087-91, 2004
Tubaro A et al: Investigation of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Opin Urol. 13(1):17-22, 2003
Grossfeld GD et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical overview and value of diagnostic imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 38(1):31-47, 2000
Aarnink RG et al: Aspects of imaging in the assessment and follow up of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr Opin Urol. 9(1):21-9, 1999
Ishida J et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: value of MR imaging for determining histologic type. Radiology. 190(2):329-31, 1994
Arrighi HM et al: Natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia and risk of prostatectomy. The Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. Urology. 38(1 Suppl):4-8, 1991
Schiebler ML et al: Prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia: correlation of high-resolution MR and histopathologic findings. Radiology. 172(1):131-7, 1989
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