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Biliary Normal Variants and Artifacts
Siva P. Raman, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Definitions

            • Variants and artifacts that may simulate pathology or potentially complicate hepatobiliary surgical procedures

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • Imaging Recommendations

              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                CLINICAL ISSUES

                • Demographics

                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                    • Treatment

                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                      • Consider

                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                          • Reporting Tips

                            Selected References

                            1. Aljiffry M et al: Biliary anatomy and pancreatic duct variations: a cross-sectional study. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 26(4):188-93, 2020
                            2. Welle CL et al: Advances in MR imaging of the biliary tract. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 28(3):341-52, 2020
                            3. Ragab A et al: Correlation between 3D-MRCP and intra-operative findings in right liver donors. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2(1):7-13, 2013
                            4. Griffin N et al: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: the ABC of MRCP. Insights Imaging. 3(1):11-21, 2012
                            5. Fetzer DT et al: Computed tomographic cholangiography in living liver transplant donors: factors determining the degree of contrast enhancement. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 35(6):716-22, 2011
                            6. Yeh BM et al: MR imaging and CT of the biliary tract. Radiographics. 29(6):1669-88, 2009
                            7. Catalano OA et al: Vascular and biliary variants in the liver: implications for liver surgery. Radiographics. 28(2):359-78, 2008
                            8. Mortelé KJ et al: Multimodality imaging of pancreatic and biliary congenital anomalies. Radiographics. 26(3):715-31, 2006
                            9. Yu J et al: Congenital anomalies and normal variants of the pancreaticobiliary tract and the pancreas in adults: part 1, Biliary tract. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(6):1536-43, 2006
                            10. Macdonald DB et al: Relationship between vascular and biliary anatomy in living liver donors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(1):247-52, 2005
                            11. Wang ZJ et al: Living donor candidates for right hepatic lobe transplantation: evaluation at CT cholangiography--initial experience. Radiology. 235(3):899-904, 2005
                            12. Sahani D et al: Evaluation of living liver transplant donors: method for precise anatomic definition by using a dedicated contrast-enhanced MR imaging protocol. Radiographics. 24(4):957-67, 2004
                            13. Watanabe Y et al: Diagnostic pitfalls of MR cholangiopancreatography in the evaluation of the biliary tract and gallbladder. Radiographics. 19(2):415-29, 1999
                            14. Rizzo RJ et al: Congenital abnormalities of the pancreas and biliary tree in adults. Radiographics. 15(1):49-68; quiz 147-8, 1995
                            Related Anatomy
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                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                            References
                            Tables

                            Tables

                            KEY FACTS

                            • Terminology

                              • Imaging

                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                  • Clinical Issues

                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                    • Definitions

                                      • Variants and artifacts that may simulate pathology or potentially complicate hepatobiliary surgical procedures

                                    IMAGING

                                    • General Features

                                      • Imaging Recommendations

                                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                                          • Demographics

                                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                                              • Treatment

                                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                • Consider

                                                  • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                    • Reporting Tips

                                                      Selected References

                                                      1. Aljiffry M et al: Biliary anatomy and pancreatic duct variations: a cross-sectional study. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 26(4):188-93, 2020
                                                      2. Welle CL et al: Advances in MR imaging of the biliary tract. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 28(3):341-52, 2020
                                                      3. Ragab A et al: Correlation between 3D-MRCP and intra-operative findings in right liver donors. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2(1):7-13, 2013
                                                      4. Griffin N et al: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: the ABC of MRCP. Insights Imaging. 3(1):11-21, 2012
                                                      5. Fetzer DT et al: Computed tomographic cholangiography in living liver transplant donors: factors determining the degree of contrast enhancement. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 35(6):716-22, 2011
                                                      6. Yeh BM et al: MR imaging and CT of the biliary tract. Radiographics. 29(6):1669-88, 2009
                                                      7. Catalano OA et al: Vascular and biliary variants in the liver: implications for liver surgery. Radiographics. 28(2):359-78, 2008
                                                      8. Mortelé KJ et al: Multimodality imaging of pancreatic and biliary congenital anomalies. Radiographics. 26(3):715-31, 2006
                                                      9. Yu J et al: Congenital anomalies and normal variants of the pancreaticobiliary tract and the pancreas in adults: part 1, Biliary tract. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(6):1536-43, 2006
                                                      10. Macdonald DB et al: Relationship between vascular and biliary anatomy in living liver donors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(1):247-52, 2005
                                                      11. Wang ZJ et al: Living donor candidates for right hepatic lobe transplantation: evaluation at CT cholangiography--initial experience. Radiology. 235(3):899-904, 2005
                                                      12. Sahani D et al: Evaluation of living liver transplant donors: method for precise anatomic definition by using a dedicated contrast-enhanced MR imaging protocol. Radiographics. 24(4):957-67, 2004
                                                      13. Watanabe Y et al: Diagnostic pitfalls of MR cholangiopancreatography in the evaluation of the biliary tract and gallbladder. Radiographics. 19(2):415-29, 1999
                                                      14. Rizzo RJ et al: Congenital abnormalities of the pancreas and biliary tree in adults. Radiographics. 15(1):49-68; quiz 147-8, 1995