Loculated collection of bile within abdomen resulting from bile leak
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Alabdulghani F et al: Radiological findings in ischaemic cholangiopathy. Clin Radiol. 75(3):161-8, 2020
Arslan MF et al: MR cholangiopancreatography findings of biliary tract complications after liver transplantation Turk J Med Sci. 48(5):1006-12, 2018
Nikpour AM et al: Diagnosis and management of postoperative biliary leaks. Semin Intervent Radiol. 33(4):307-12, 2016
Melamud K et al: Biliary imaging: multimodality approach to imaging of biliary injuries and their complications. Radiographics. 34(3):613-23, 2014
Arun S et al: Added value of SPECT/CT over planar Tc-99m mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the evaluation of bile leaks. Nucl Med Commun. 34(5):459-66, 2013
Baillie J: Endoscopic approach to the patient with bile duct injury. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 23(2):461-72, 2013
Cieszanowski A et al: Detection of active bile leak with Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MR cholangiography: comparison of 20-25 min delayed and 60-180 min delayed images. Eur J Radiol. 82(12):2176-82, 2013
Pioche M et al: Management of bile duct leaks. J Visc Surg. 150(3 Suppl):S33-8, 2013
Tana C et al: Sonographic assessment of a suspected biloma: A case report and review of the literature. World J Radiol. 5(5):220-5, 2013
Chang IS et al: Biloma formation after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: incidence, imaging features, and clinical significance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Nov;195(5):1131-6. Erratum in: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195(6):1292, 2010
Singh AK et al: Postoperative imaging in liver transplantation: what radiologists should know. Radiographics. 30(2):339-51, 2010
Howard R et al: Biloma: a delayed complication of blunt hepatic injury. J Emerg Med. 34(1):33-5, 2008
Kim JH et al: Bile leak following living donor liver transplantation: clinical efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic treatment. Liver Transpl. 14(8):1142-9, 2008
Mizuno O et al: An iatrogenic hepatic subcapsular biloma successfully treated by percutaneous drainage and endoscopic biliary stenting. Endoscopy. 40 Suppl 2:E42-3, 2008
Shami VM et al: EUS-guided drainage of bilomas: a new alternative?. Gastrointest Endosc. 67(1):136-40, 2008
Ishikawa M et al: Progression and regression of biloma after laparoscopic cholecystectomy evaluated by computed tomography. Int Surg. 90(3):137-40, 2005
Yoon W et al: CT in blunt liver trauma. Radiographics. 25(1):87-104, 2005
Bridges MD et al: Diagnosing biliary complications of orthotopic liver transplantation with mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR cholangiography: comparison with conventional MR cholangiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(6):1497-504, 2004
Khalid TR et al: Using MR cholangiopancreatography to evaluate iatrogenic bile duct injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 177(6):1347-52, 2001
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Loculated collection of bile within abdomen resulting from bile leak
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Alabdulghani F et al: Radiological findings in ischaemic cholangiopathy. Clin Radiol. 75(3):161-8, 2020
Arslan MF et al: MR cholangiopancreatography findings of biliary tract complications after liver transplantation Turk J Med Sci. 48(5):1006-12, 2018
Nikpour AM et al: Diagnosis and management of postoperative biliary leaks. Semin Intervent Radiol. 33(4):307-12, 2016
Melamud K et al: Biliary imaging: multimodality approach to imaging of biliary injuries and their complications. Radiographics. 34(3):613-23, 2014
Arun S et al: Added value of SPECT/CT over planar Tc-99m mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the evaluation of bile leaks. Nucl Med Commun. 34(5):459-66, 2013
Baillie J: Endoscopic approach to the patient with bile duct injury. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 23(2):461-72, 2013
Cieszanowski A et al: Detection of active bile leak with Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MR cholangiography: comparison of 20-25 min delayed and 60-180 min delayed images. Eur J Radiol. 82(12):2176-82, 2013
Pioche M et al: Management of bile duct leaks. J Visc Surg. 150(3 Suppl):S33-8, 2013
Tana C et al: Sonographic assessment of a suspected biloma: A case report and review of the literature. World J Radiol. 5(5):220-5, 2013
Chang IS et al: Biloma formation after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: incidence, imaging features, and clinical significance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Nov;195(5):1131-6. Erratum in: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195(6):1292, 2010
Singh AK et al: Postoperative imaging in liver transplantation: what radiologists should know. Radiographics. 30(2):339-51, 2010
Howard R et al: Biloma: a delayed complication of blunt hepatic injury. J Emerg Med. 34(1):33-5, 2008
Kim JH et al: Bile leak following living donor liver transplantation: clinical efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic treatment. Liver Transpl. 14(8):1142-9, 2008
Mizuno O et al: An iatrogenic hepatic subcapsular biloma successfully treated by percutaneous drainage and endoscopic biliary stenting. Endoscopy. 40 Suppl 2:E42-3, 2008
Shami VM et al: EUS-guided drainage of bilomas: a new alternative?. Gastrointest Endosc. 67(1):136-40, 2008
Ishikawa M et al: Progression and regression of biloma after laparoscopic cholecystectomy evaluated by computed tomography. Int Surg. 90(3):137-40, 2005
Yoon W et al: CT in blunt liver trauma. Radiographics. 25(1):87-104, 2005
Bridges MD et al: Diagnosing biliary complications of orthotopic liver transplantation with mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR cholangiography: comparison with conventional MR cholangiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(6):1497-504, 2004
Khalid TR et al: Using MR cholangiopancreatography to evaluate iatrogenic bile duct injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 177(6):1347-52, 2001
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