Classified as migrant (migrated from upper urinary tract), primary (idiopathic), and secondary (in setting of stasis, infection, or nidus)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Al-Hajjaj M et al: Neglected double J stent for 8 Years with giant bladder calculi formation: A case report. Urol Case Rep. 32:101195, 2020
Carnahan MB et al: Demonstration of 99mTc-MDP uptake in a mobile urinary bladder calculus on SPECT/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 45(1):60-2, 2020
Carneiro C et al: Jackstone calculus. Urology. 137:e6-e7, 2020
Jang JY et al: Comparison of three different endoscopic approaches in the treatment of bladder calculi. Yeungnam Univ J Med. 36(1):16-19, 2019
Razik A et al: Urinary diversions: a primer of the surgical techniques and imaging findings. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(12):3906-18, 2019
Jung JH et al: The association of benign prostatic hyperplasia with lower urinary tract stones in adult men: A retrospective multicenter study. Asian J Urol. 5(2):118-121, 2018
McQueen TS et al: A "hanging" bladder stone. Abdom Radiol (NY). 42(12):2959-61, 2017
Torricelli FC et al: Multiple uric acid bladder stones: Clinical presentation and endoscopic management. J Endourol Case Rep. 3(1):21-3, 2017
Sweeney AP et al: The "jackstone" appearance. Abdom Imaging. 40(7):2906-7, 2015
Philippou P et al: The management of bladder lithiasis in the modern era of endourology. Urology. 79(5):980-6, 2012
Catalá V et al: CT findings in urinary diversion after radical cystectomy: postsurgical anatomy and complications. Radiographics. 29(2):461-76, 2009
Ord J et al: Bladder management and risk of bladder stone formation in spinal cord injured patients. J Urol. 170(5):1734-7, 2003
Schwartz BF et al: The vesical calculus. Urol Clin North Am. 27(2):333-46, 2000
Dyer RB et al: Abnormal calcifications in the urinary tract. Radiographics. 18(6):1405-24, 1998
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Bladder stones, lower urinary tract stones
Definitions
Concretions of mineral salts within bladder lumen
Classified as migrant (migrated from upper urinary tract), primary (idiopathic), and secondary (in setting of stasis, infection, or nidus)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Al-Hajjaj M et al: Neglected double J stent for 8 Years with giant bladder calculi formation: A case report. Urol Case Rep. 32:101195, 2020
Carnahan MB et al: Demonstration of 99mTc-MDP uptake in a mobile urinary bladder calculus on SPECT/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 45(1):60-2, 2020
Carneiro C et al: Jackstone calculus. Urology. 137:e6-e7, 2020
Jang JY et al: Comparison of three different endoscopic approaches in the treatment of bladder calculi. Yeungnam Univ J Med. 36(1):16-19, 2019
Razik A et al: Urinary diversions: a primer of the surgical techniques and imaging findings. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(12):3906-18, 2019
Jung JH et al: The association of benign prostatic hyperplasia with lower urinary tract stones in adult men: A retrospective multicenter study. Asian J Urol. 5(2):118-121, 2018
McQueen TS et al: A "hanging" bladder stone. Abdom Radiol (NY). 42(12):2959-61, 2017
Torricelli FC et al: Multiple uric acid bladder stones: Clinical presentation and endoscopic management. J Endourol Case Rep. 3(1):21-3, 2017
Sweeney AP et al: The "jackstone" appearance. Abdom Imaging. 40(7):2906-7, 2015
Philippou P et al: The management of bladder lithiasis in the modern era of endourology. Urology. 79(5):980-6, 2012
Catalá V et al: CT findings in urinary diversion after radical cystectomy: postsurgical anatomy and complications. Radiographics. 29(2):461-76, 2009
Ord J et al: Bladder management and risk of bladder stone formation in spinal cord injured patients. J Urol. 170(5):1734-7, 2003
Schwartz BF et al: The vesical calculus. Urol Clin North Am. 27(2):333-46, 2000
Dyer RB et al: Abnormal calcifications in the urinary tract. Radiographics. 18(6):1405-24, 1998
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