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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Blake pouch cyst (BPC)
Definitions
- Persistent cystic evagination of the area membranacea under inferior vermis in cerebellar vallecula due to nonperforation of foramen of Magendie
- Diagnostic criteria
- Normal vermian size, anatomy in midline sagittal view
- < 30° anticlockwise rotation of vermis
- Normal size of cisterna magna (CM)
- CM septa may be bowed laterally
- 4th ventricle (V4) choroid plexus (CP) at superior margin of BPC
- A Blake pouch (BP) is a normal embryological structure quite frequently seen with modern equipment
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- AIUM practice parameter for the performance of detailed diagnostic obstetric ultrasound examinations between 12 weeks 0 days and 13 weeks 6 days. J Ultrasound Med. ePub, 2020
- Kau T et al: Blake's pouch cysts and differential diagnoses in prenatal and postnatal MRI: a pictorial review. Clin Neuroradiol. 30(3):435-45, 2020
- Garcia-Rodriguez R et al: First-trimester cystic posterior fossa: reference ranges, associated findings, and pregnancy outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 1-10, 2019
- Paladini D et al: Hindbrain morphometry and choroid plexus position in differential diagnosis of posterior fossa cystic malformations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 54(2):207-14, 2019
- Pertl B et al: The fetal posterior fossa on prenatal ultrasound imaging: normal longitudinal development and posterior fossa anomalies. Ultraschall Med. 40(6):692-721, 2019
- Martinez-Ten P et al: Non-visualization of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle as first-trimester predictor of posterior fossa anomalies and chromosomal defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 51(2):199-207, 2018
- Wüest A et al: Enlarged posterior fossa on prenatal imaging: differential diagnosis, associated anomalies and postnatal outcome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 96(7):837-43, 2017
- D'Antonio F et al: Systematic review and meta-analysis of isolated posterior fossa malformations on prenatal imaging (part 2): neurodevelopmental outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 48(1):28-37, 2016
- Azab WA et al: Blake's pouch cyst. Surg Neurol Int. 5:112, 2014
- Contro E et al: Open fourth ventricle prior to 20 weeks' gestation: a benign finding? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 43(2):154-8, 2014
- Leibovitz Z et al: Assessment of fetal midbrain and hindbrain in mid-sagittal cranial plane by three-dimensional multiplanar sonography. Part 2: application of nomograms to fetuses with posterior fossa malformations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 44(5):581-7, 2014
- Paladini D et al: Abnormal or delayed development of the posterior membranous area of the brain: anatomy, ultrasound diagnosis, natural history and outcome of Blake's pouch cyst in the fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 39(3):279-87, 2012
- Volpe P et al: Brainstem-vermis and brainstem-tentorium angles allow accurate categorization of fetal upward rotation of cerebellar vermis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 39(6):632-5, 2012
- Malinger G et al: The fetal cerebellum. Pitfalls in diagnosis and management. Prenat Diagn. 29(4):372-80, 2009
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Blake pouch cyst (BPC)
Definitions
- Persistent cystic evagination of the area membranacea under inferior vermis in cerebellar vallecula due to nonperforation of foramen of Magendie
- Diagnostic criteria
- Normal vermian size, anatomy in midline sagittal view
- < 30° anticlockwise rotation of vermis
- Normal size of cisterna magna (CM)
- CM septa may be bowed laterally
- 4th ventricle (V4) choroid plexus (CP) at superior margin of BPC
- A Blake pouch (BP) is a normal embryological structure quite frequently seen with modern equipment
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- AIUM practice parameter for the performance of detailed diagnostic obstetric ultrasound examinations between 12 weeks 0 days and 13 weeks 6 days. J Ultrasound Med. ePub, 2020
- Kau T et al: Blake's pouch cysts and differential diagnoses in prenatal and postnatal MRI: a pictorial review. Clin Neuroradiol. 30(3):435-45, 2020
- Garcia-Rodriguez R et al: First-trimester cystic posterior fossa: reference ranges, associated findings, and pregnancy outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 1-10, 2019
- Paladini D et al: Hindbrain morphometry and choroid plexus position in differential diagnosis of posterior fossa cystic malformations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 54(2):207-14, 2019
- Pertl B et al: The fetal posterior fossa on prenatal ultrasound imaging: normal longitudinal development and posterior fossa anomalies. Ultraschall Med. 40(6):692-721, 2019
- Martinez-Ten P et al: Non-visualization of choroid plexus of fourth ventricle as first-trimester predictor of posterior fossa anomalies and chromosomal defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 51(2):199-207, 2018
- Wüest A et al: Enlarged posterior fossa on prenatal imaging: differential diagnosis, associated anomalies and postnatal outcome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 96(7):837-43, 2017
- D'Antonio F et al: Systematic review and meta-analysis of isolated posterior fossa malformations on prenatal imaging (part 2): neurodevelopmental outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 48(1):28-37, 2016
- Azab WA et al: Blake's pouch cyst. Surg Neurol Int. 5:112, 2014
- Contro E et al: Open fourth ventricle prior to 20 weeks' gestation: a benign finding? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 43(2):154-8, 2014
- Leibovitz Z et al: Assessment of fetal midbrain and hindbrain in mid-sagittal cranial plane by three-dimensional multiplanar sonography. Part 2: application of nomograms to fetuses with posterior fossa malformations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 44(5):581-7, 2014
- Paladini D et al: Abnormal or delayed development of the posterior membranous area of the brain: anatomy, ultrasound diagnosis, natural history and outcome of Blake's pouch cyst in the fetus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 39(3):279-87, 2012
- Volpe P et al: Brainstem-vermis and brainstem-tentorium angles allow accurate categorization of fetal upward rotation of cerebellar vermis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 39(6):632-5, 2012
- Malinger G et al: The fetal cerebellum. Pitfalls in diagnosis and management. Prenat Diagn. 29(4):372-80, 2009
