Developmental condition characterized by disordered endochondral ossification of posteromedial portion of proximal tibial physis
Results in multiplanar deformities of lower limb
Clinically distinct forms
Early onset (infantile): ≤ 4 years of age
Juvenile type: onset 4-10 years of age
Adolescent type (late onset): > 10 years of age
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
du Plessis J et al: Assessment of the reliability and reproducibility of the Langenskiöld classification in Blount's disease. J Pediatr Orthop B. 29(4):311-6, 2020
Bhattacharjee R et al: Blount's disease: a rickets mimicker. BMJ Case Rep. 2016, 2016
Sabharwal S: Blount disease: an update. Orthop Clin North Am. 46(1):37-47, 2015
Gill KG et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the pediatric knee. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 22(4):743-63, 2014
Ho-Fung V et al: MRI evaluation of the knee in children with infantile Blount disease: tibial and extra-tibial findings. Pediatr Radiol. 43(10):1316-26, 2013
Aird JJ et al: Femoral torsion in patients with Blount's disease: a previously unrecognised component. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 91(10):1388-93, 2009
Gilbody J et al: Acute versus gradual correction of idiopathic tibia vara in children: a systematic review. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(2):110-4, 2009
Kleinman PK et al: Metaphyseal fragmentation with physiologic bowing: a finding not to be confused with the classic metaphyseal lesion. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(5):1266-8, 2009
McCarthy JJ et al: Double osteotomy for the treatment of severe Blount disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(2):115-9, 2009
Castañeda P et al: Hemiepiphysiodesis for the correction of angular deformity about the knee. J Pediatr Orthop. 28(2):188-91, 2008
Sabharwal S et al: Correlation of body mass index and radiographic deformities in children with Blount disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 89(6):1275-83, 2007
Sabharwal S et al: Multiplanar deformity analysis of untreated Blount disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007 Apr-May;27(3):260-5. Erratum in: J Pediatr Orthop. 27(4):483, 2007
Scott AC et al: Body mass index as a prognostic factor in development of infantile Blount disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 27(8):921-5, 2007
Gordon JE et al: Comprehensive treatment of late-onset tibia vara. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 87(7):1561-70, 2005
Cheema JI et al: Radiographic characteristics of lower-extremity bowing in children. Radiographics. 23(4):871-80, 2003
Herman TE et al: Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia associated with tibia vara. Radiology. 177(3):767-8, 1990
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Developmental condition characterized by disordered endochondral ossification of posteromedial portion of proximal tibial physis
Results in multiplanar deformities of lower limb
Clinically distinct forms
Early onset (infantile): ≤ 4 years of age
Juvenile type: onset 4-10 years of age
Adolescent type (late onset): > 10 years of age
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
du Plessis J et al: Assessment of the reliability and reproducibility of the Langenskiöld classification in Blount's disease. J Pediatr Orthop B. 29(4):311-6, 2020
Bhattacharjee R et al: Blount's disease: a rickets mimicker. BMJ Case Rep. 2016, 2016
Sabharwal S: Blount disease: an update. Orthop Clin North Am. 46(1):37-47, 2015
Gill KG et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the pediatric knee. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 22(4):743-63, 2014
Ho-Fung V et al: MRI evaluation of the knee in children with infantile Blount disease: tibial and extra-tibial findings. Pediatr Radiol. 43(10):1316-26, 2013
Aird JJ et al: Femoral torsion in patients with Blount's disease: a previously unrecognised component. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 91(10):1388-93, 2009
Gilbody J et al: Acute versus gradual correction of idiopathic tibia vara in children: a systematic review. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(2):110-4, 2009
Kleinman PK et al: Metaphyseal fragmentation with physiologic bowing: a finding not to be confused with the classic metaphyseal lesion. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(5):1266-8, 2009
McCarthy JJ et al: Double osteotomy for the treatment of severe Blount disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(2):115-9, 2009
Castañeda P et al: Hemiepiphysiodesis for the correction of angular deformity about the knee. J Pediatr Orthop. 28(2):188-91, 2008
Sabharwal S et al: Correlation of body mass index and radiographic deformities in children with Blount disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 89(6):1275-83, 2007
Sabharwal S et al: Multiplanar deformity analysis of untreated Blount disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007 Apr-May;27(3):260-5. Erratum in: J Pediatr Orthop. 27(4):483, 2007
Scott AC et al: Body mass index as a prognostic factor in development of infantile Blount disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 27(8):921-5, 2007
Gordon JE et al: Comprehensive treatment of late-onset tibia vara. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 87(7):1561-70, 2005
Cheema JI et al: Radiographic characteristics of lower-extremity bowing in children. Radiographics. 23(4):871-80, 2003
Herman TE et al: Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia associated with tibia vara. Radiology. 177(3):767-8, 1990
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