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Ultrasound
Diagnosis
Musculoskeletal
Infection
Bone Infection
Bone Infection
Esther H. Y. Hung, MBChB, FRCR, FHKCR, FHKAM (Radiology); James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR
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KEY FACTS

  • Imaging

    • Top Differential Diagnoses

      TERMINOLOGY

      • Definitions

        • Osteomyelitis: Infection of bone marrow
        • Acute osteomyelitis: Symptomatic osteomyelitis < 6 weeks duration
        • Chronic osteomyelitis: Symptomatic osteomyelitis > 6 weeks duration
        • Infective osteitis: Infection of bone cortex (usually contiguous with juxtacortical infection)
        • Sequestrum (meaning "separated"): Fragment of dead bone surrounded by granulation tissue
        • Involucrum (meaning "to wrap in"): Layer of living periosteal new bone formed around dead bone
        • Cloaca (meaning "drain"): Opening in cortex or involucrum through which sequestra, fluid, or granulation tissue is discharged
        • Brodie abscess: Focal area of chronic osteomyelitis with abscess and surrounding sclerosis

      IMAGING

      • General Features

        • Radiographic Findings

          • CT Findings

            • MR Findings

              • Ultrasonographic Findings

                • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                  • Imaging Recommendations

                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                      PATHOLOGY

                      • General Features

                        • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                          • Microscopic Features

                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                            • Presentation

                              • Demographics

                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                  • Treatment

                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                    • Consider

                                      Selected References

                                      1. DiPietro MA et al: Pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound. Pediatr Radiol. 47(9):1144-1154, 2017
                                      2. Nguyen JC et al: US evaluation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and osteoarticular infection. Radiographics. 37(4):1181-1201, 2017
                                      Related Anatomy
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                                      Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                      References
                                      Tables

                                      Tables

                                      KEY FACTS

                                      • Imaging

                                        • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                          TERMINOLOGY

                                          • Definitions

                                            • Osteomyelitis: Infection of bone marrow
                                            • Acute osteomyelitis: Symptomatic osteomyelitis < 6 weeks duration
                                            • Chronic osteomyelitis: Symptomatic osteomyelitis > 6 weeks duration
                                            • Infective osteitis: Infection of bone cortex (usually contiguous with juxtacortical infection)
                                            • Sequestrum (meaning "separated"): Fragment of dead bone surrounded by granulation tissue
                                            • Involucrum (meaning "to wrap in"): Layer of living periosteal new bone formed around dead bone
                                            • Cloaca (meaning "drain"): Opening in cortex or involucrum through which sequestra, fluid, or granulation tissue is discharged
                                            • Brodie abscess: Focal area of chronic osteomyelitis with abscess and surrounding sclerosis

                                          IMAGING

                                          • General Features

                                            • Radiographic Findings

                                              • CT Findings

                                                • MR Findings

                                                  • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                    • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                      • Imaging Recommendations

                                                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                          PATHOLOGY

                                                          • General Features

                                                            • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                              • Microscopic Features

                                                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                • Presentation

                                                                  • Demographics

                                                                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                      • Treatment

                                                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                        • Consider

                                                                          Selected References

                                                                          1. DiPietro MA et al: Pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound. Pediatr Radiol. 47(9):1144-1154, 2017
                                                                          2. Nguyen JC et al: US evaluation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and osteoarticular infection. Radiographics. 37(4):1181-1201, 2017