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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Abnormally slow heart rate < 100 beats per minute (BPM)
- Benign transient bradycardia
- Slowing of fetal heart rate followed by rapid and progressive recovery
- Due to vagal stimulation
- Sinus or low atrial bradycardia
- Typical rates 90-130 BPM
- Atrioventricular (AV) conduction intact
- 1st-degree AV block
- Long PR interval but maintained 1:1 AV conduction
- 2nd-degree AV block
- Long PR interval with intermittent AV conduction and AV block
- Complete heart block (CHB)
- Atrial rate normal
- Slow independent ventricular rate (40-90 BPM)
- Due to failed conduction from atrium to ventricle
- Blocked premature atrial contractions (PAC)
- Early atrial beat not followed by ventricular beat
IMAGING
General Features
Echocardiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Carvalho JS: Fetal dysrhythmias. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 58:28-41, 2019
- Evers PD et al: Prenatal heart block screening in mothers with SSA/SSB autoantibodies: targeted screening protocol is a cost-effective strategy. Congenit Heart Dis. 14(2):221-9, 2019
- Pruetz JD et al: Prenatal diagnosis and management of congenital complete heart block. Birth Defects Res. 111(8):380-8, 2019
- Cuneo BF et al: Home monitoring for fetal heart rhythm during anti-Ro pregnancies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 72(16):1940-51, 2018
- Mitchell JL et al: Fetal heart rate predictors of long QT syndrome. Circulation. 126(23):2688-95, 2012
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Abnormally slow heart rate < 100 beats per minute (BPM)
- Benign transient bradycardia
- Slowing of fetal heart rate followed by rapid and progressive recovery
- Due to vagal stimulation
- Sinus or low atrial bradycardia
- Typical rates 90-130 BPM
- Atrioventricular (AV) conduction intact
- 1st-degree AV block
- Long PR interval but maintained 1:1 AV conduction
- 2nd-degree AV block
- Long PR interval with intermittent AV conduction and AV block
- Complete heart block (CHB)
- Atrial rate normal
- Slow independent ventricular rate (40-90 BPM)
- Due to failed conduction from atrium to ventricle
- Blocked premature atrial contractions (PAC)
- Early atrial beat not followed by ventricular beat
IMAGING
General Features
Echocardiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Carvalho JS: Fetal dysrhythmias. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 58:28-41, 2019
- Evers PD et al: Prenatal heart block screening in mothers with SSA/SSB autoantibodies: targeted screening protocol is a cost-effective strategy. Congenit Heart Dis. 14(2):221-9, 2019
- Pruetz JD et al: Prenatal diagnosis and management of congenital complete heart block. Birth Defects Res. 111(8):380-8, 2019
- Cuneo BF et al: Home monitoring for fetal heart rhythm during anti-Ro pregnancies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 72(16):1940-51, 2018
- Mitchell JL et al: Fetal heart rate predictors of long QT syndrome. Circulation. 126(23):2688-95, 2012
