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Head and Neck
Diagnosis
Primary Sites, Perineural Tumor and Nodes
Oral Cavity Carcinoma
Buccal Mucosa Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Buccal Mucosa Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Nicholas A. Koontz, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa)

            • Definitions

              • Mucosal malignancy arising from inner lining of cheek, lips

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • CT Findings

                • MR Findings

                  • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                    • Imaging Recommendations

                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                        PATHOLOGY

                        • General Features

                          • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                            • Presentation

                              • Demographics

                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                  • Treatment

                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                      Selected References

                                      1. Hoda N et al: Cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: a retrospective study on pattern of involvement and clinical analysis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 26(1):e84-9, 2021
                                      2. Arain AA et al: Occult nodal metastasis in oral cavity cancers. Cureus. 12(11):e11640, 2020
                                      3. Hayashi K et al: Clinical value of fused PET/MRI for surgical planning in patients with oral/oropharyngeal carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 130(2):367-74, 2020
                                      4. Moe J et al: Comparison of early oral cancer depth of invasion from the American Joint Committe on Cancer 7th to 8th edition criteria. Does the difference impact the accuracy of clinical decision making? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 79(4):822-9, 2020
                                      5. Deshpande G et al: Tumor thickness: a predictor of nodal disease in early squamous cell carcinomas of buccal mucosa. Gulf J Oncolog. 1(18):37-43, 2015
                                      6. Xu SS et al: Pathways involved in the spread of buccal carcinoma on contrast-enhanced multislice CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 44(2):20140111, 2015
                                      7. Camilon PR et al: Does buccal cancer have worse prognosis than other oral cavity cancers? Laryngoscope. 124(6):1386-91, 2014
                                      8. Fang QG et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: analysis of clinical presentation, outcome and prognostic factors. Mol Clin Oncol. 1(3):531-4, 2013
                                      9. Lin CS et al: Improved outcomes in buccal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 35(1):65-71, 2012
                                      10. Erdogan N et al: Puffed-cheek computed tomography: a dynamic maneuver for imaging oral cavity tumors. Ear Nose Throat J. 91(9):383-4, 386, 2012
                                      11. Dillon JK et al: Gauze padding: a simple technique to delineate small oral cavity tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 32(5):934-7, 2011
                                      12. El-Naaj IA et al: Incidence of oral cancer occult metastasis and survival of T1-T2N0 oral cancer patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 69(10):2674-9, 2011
                                      13. Huang SH et al: A comparative study of fused FDG PET/MRI, PET/CT, MRI, and CT imaging for assessing surrounding tissue invasion of advanced buccal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. 36(7):518-25, 2011
                                      14. Jan JC et al: Prognostic factors in patients with buccal squamous cell carcinoma: 10-year experience. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 69(2):396-404, 2011
                                      15. Pentenero M et al: Evidence for a possible anatomical subsite-mediated effect of tobacco in oral potentially malignant disorders and carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 40(3):214-7, 2011
                                      16. Trivedi TI et al: Identification of site-specific prognostic biomarkers in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Neoplasma. 58(3):217-26, 2011
                                      17. Bagan J et al: Oral cancer: clinical features. Oral Oncol. 46(6):414-7, 2010
                                      18. Liao CT et al: Tongue and buccal mucosa carcinoma: is there a difference in outcome? Ann Surg Oncol. 17(11):2984-91, 2010
                                      19. Lin CY et al: Primary tumor site as a predictor of treatment outcome for definitive radiotherapy of advanced-stage oral cavity cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 78(4):1011-9, 2010
                                      20. Shrime MG et al: The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on survival in T1-2N1 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Mar;136(3):225-8. Erratum in: Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 136(5):512, 2010
                                      21. Viet CT et al: Understanding oral cancer in the genome era. Head Neck. 32(9):1246-68, 2010
                                      22. Zini A et al: Oral cancer over four decades: epidemiology, trends, histology, and survival by anatomical sites. J Oral Pathol Med. 39(4):299-305, 2010
                                      23. Pandey M et al: Results of primary versus salvage surgery in carcinoma of the buccal mucosa. Eur J Surg Oncol. 35(4):362-7, 2009
                                      24. Pichi B et al: Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa metastasizing to the talus. J Craniofac Surg. 20(4):1142-5, 2009
                                      25. Cheng A et al: Management of the N0 neck in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 20(3):477-97, 2008
                                      26. Lin CY et al: Treatment outcome of combined modalities for buccal cancers: unilateral or bilateral neck radiation? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 70(5):1373-81, 2008
                                      27. Lin D et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: a retrospective analysis of 22 cases. Ear Nose Throat J. 87(10):582-6, 2008
                                      28. Kirsch C: Oral cavity cancer. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 18(4):269-80, 2007
                                      29. Pathak KA et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the superior gingival-buccal complex. Oral Oncol. 43(8):774-9, 2007
                                      30. Ong CK et al: Imaging of tongue carcinoma. Cancer Imaging. 6:186-93, 2006
                                      31. Chong V: Oral cavity cancer. Cancer Imaging. 5 Spec No A:S49-52, 2005
                                      32. Kim ST et al: Chronic, reactive conditions of the oral cavity simulating mucosal carcinomas: CT and MR imaging findings with pathologic correlation in five patients. Clin Imaging. 29(6):406-11, 2005
                                      33. Schmidt BL et al: Tobacco smoking history and presentation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 62(9):1055-8, 2004
                                      34. Weissman JL et al: "Puffed-cheek" CT improves evaluation of the oral cavity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(4):741-4, 2001
                                      Related Anatomy
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                                      Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                      References
                                      Tables

                                      Tables

                                      KEY FACTS

                                      • Terminology

                                        • Imaging

                                          • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                            • Pathology

                                              • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                TERMINOLOGY

                                                • Abbreviations

                                                  • Buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa)

                                                • Definitions

                                                  • Mucosal malignancy arising from inner lining of cheek, lips

                                                IMAGING

                                                • General Features

                                                  • CT Findings

                                                    • MR Findings

                                                      • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                        • Imaging Recommendations

                                                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                            PATHOLOGY

                                                            • General Features

                                                              • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                • Presentation

                                                                  • Demographics

                                                                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                      • Treatment

                                                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                          Selected References

                                                                          1. Hoda N et al: Cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: a retrospective study on pattern of involvement and clinical analysis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 26(1):e84-9, 2021
                                                                          2. Arain AA et al: Occult nodal metastasis in oral cavity cancers. Cureus. 12(11):e11640, 2020
                                                                          3. Hayashi K et al: Clinical value of fused PET/MRI for surgical planning in patients with oral/oropharyngeal carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 130(2):367-74, 2020
                                                                          4. Moe J et al: Comparison of early oral cancer depth of invasion from the American Joint Committe on Cancer 7th to 8th edition criteria. Does the difference impact the accuracy of clinical decision making? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 79(4):822-9, 2020
                                                                          5. Deshpande G et al: Tumor thickness: a predictor of nodal disease in early squamous cell carcinomas of buccal mucosa. Gulf J Oncolog. 1(18):37-43, 2015
                                                                          6. Xu SS et al: Pathways involved in the spread of buccal carcinoma on contrast-enhanced multislice CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 44(2):20140111, 2015
                                                                          7. Camilon PR et al: Does buccal cancer have worse prognosis than other oral cavity cancers? Laryngoscope. 124(6):1386-91, 2014
                                                                          8. Fang QG et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: analysis of clinical presentation, outcome and prognostic factors. Mol Clin Oncol. 1(3):531-4, 2013
                                                                          9. Lin CS et al: Improved outcomes in buccal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 35(1):65-71, 2012
                                                                          10. Erdogan N et al: Puffed-cheek computed tomography: a dynamic maneuver for imaging oral cavity tumors. Ear Nose Throat J. 91(9):383-4, 386, 2012
                                                                          11. Dillon JK et al: Gauze padding: a simple technique to delineate small oral cavity tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 32(5):934-7, 2011
                                                                          12. El-Naaj IA et al: Incidence of oral cancer occult metastasis and survival of T1-T2N0 oral cancer patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 69(10):2674-9, 2011
                                                                          13. Huang SH et al: A comparative study of fused FDG PET/MRI, PET/CT, MRI, and CT imaging for assessing surrounding tissue invasion of advanced buccal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. 36(7):518-25, 2011
                                                                          14. Jan JC et al: Prognostic factors in patients with buccal squamous cell carcinoma: 10-year experience. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 69(2):396-404, 2011
                                                                          15. Pentenero M et al: Evidence for a possible anatomical subsite-mediated effect of tobacco in oral potentially malignant disorders and carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 40(3):214-7, 2011
                                                                          16. Trivedi TI et al: Identification of site-specific prognostic biomarkers in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Neoplasma. 58(3):217-26, 2011
                                                                          17. Bagan J et al: Oral cancer: clinical features. Oral Oncol. 46(6):414-7, 2010
                                                                          18. Liao CT et al: Tongue and buccal mucosa carcinoma: is there a difference in outcome? Ann Surg Oncol. 17(11):2984-91, 2010
                                                                          19. Lin CY et al: Primary tumor site as a predictor of treatment outcome for definitive radiotherapy of advanced-stage oral cavity cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 78(4):1011-9, 2010
                                                                          20. Shrime MG et al: The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on survival in T1-2N1 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Mar;136(3):225-8. Erratum in: Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 136(5):512, 2010
                                                                          21. Viet CT et al: Understanding oral cancer in the genome era. Head Neck. 32(9):1246-68, 2010
                                                                          22. Zini A et al: Oral cancer over four decades: epidemiology, trends, histology, and survival by anatomical sites. J Oral Pathol Med. 39(4):299-305, 2010
                                                                          23. Pandey M et al: Results of primary versus salvage surgery in carcinoma of the buccal mucosa. Eur J Surg Oncol. 35(4):362-7, 2009
                                                                          24. Pichi B et al: Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa metastasizing to the talus. J Craniofac Surg. 20(4):1142-5, 2009
                                                                          25. Cheng A et al: Management of the N0 neck in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 20(3):477-97, 2008
                                                                          26. Lin CY et al: Treatment outcome of combined modalities for buccal cancers: unilateral or bilateral neck radiation? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 70(5):1373-81, 2008
                                                                          27. Lin D et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: a retrospective analysis of 22 cases. Ear Nose Throat J. 87(10):582-6, 2008
                                                                          28. Kirsch C: Oral cavity cancer. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 18(4):269-80, 2007
                                                                          29. Pathak KA et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the superior gingival-buccal complex. Oral Oncol. 43(8):774-9, 2007
                                                                          30. Ong CK et al: Imaging of tongue carcinoma. Cancer Imaging. 6:186-93, 2006
                                                                          31. Chong V: Oral cavity cancer. Cancer Imaging. 5 Spec No A:S49-52, 2005
                                                                          32. Kim ST et al: Chronic, reactive conditions of the oral cavity simulating mucosal carcinomas: CT and MR imaging findings with pathologic correlation in five patients. Clin Imaging. 29(6):406-11, 2005
                                                                          33. Schmidt BL et al: Tobacco smoking history and presentation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 62(9):1055-8, 2004
                                                                          34. Weissman JL et al: "Puffed-cheek" CT improves evaluation of the oral cavity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(4):741-4, 2001