Comminuted fracture through C2 vertebral body, pedicle, superior articulating process, transverse foramen
Displacement of fragments in AP direction
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Robinson AL et al: C2 fracture subtypes, incidence, and treatment allocation change with age: a retrospective cohort study of 233 consecutive cases. Biomed Res Int. 2017:8321680, 2017
Assaghir Y: Burst C2 fractures combined with traumatic spondylolisthesis: can atlantoaxial motion be preserved? Including some technical tips for reduction and fixation. Global Spine J. 6(6):555-62, 2016
Debernardi A et al: Traumatic injuries to the craniovertebral junction: a review of rare events. Neurosurg Rev. 37(2):203-16; discussion 216, 2014
Pryputniewicz DM et al: Axis fractures. Neurosurgery. 66(3 Suppl):68-82, 2010
Hurlbert RJ: Strategies of medical intervention in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 31(11 Suppl):S16-21; discussion S36, 2006
German JW et al: Nonoperative management of vertical C2 body fractures. Neurosurgery. 56(3):516-21; discussion 516-21, 2005
Congress of Neurological Surgeons: Isolated fractures of the axis in adults. Neurosurgery. 50(3 Suppl):S125-39, 2002
Isolated fractures of the axis in adults. Neurosurgery. 50(3 Suppl):S125-39, 2002
Daffner RH et al: A new classification for cervical vertebral injuries: influence of CT. Skeletal Radiol. 29(3):125-32, 2000
Greene KA et al: Acute axis fractures. Analysis of management and outcome in 340 consecutive cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22(16):1843-52, 1997
Fujimura Y et al: Classification and treatment of axis body fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 10(8):536-40, 1996
Benzel EC et al: Fractures of the C-2 vertebral body. J Neurosurg. 81(2):206-12, 1994
Lozano-Requena JA et al: Sagittal fracture of the second cervical vertebral body. Int Orthop. 18(2):114-5, 1994
Bohay D et al: The vertical axis fracture: a report on three cases. J Orthop Trauma. 6(4):416-9, 1992
Baba H et al: Burst fracture of the body of the axis; a case report [Japanese]. Orthop Surg Traumatol. 32:1659-62, 1989
Burke JT et al: Acute injuries of the axis vertebra. Skeletal Radiol. 18(5):335-46, 1989
Hadley MN et al: Acute axis fractures: a review of 229 cases. J Neurosurg. 71(5 Pt 1):642-7, 1989
Jakim I et al: Transverse fracture through the body of the axis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 70(5):728-9, 1988
Guerra J Jr et al: Vertebral burst fractures: CT analysis of the retropulsed fragment. Radiology. 153(3):769-72, 1984
Kobayashi K: Axis body fracture [Japanese]. Seikei Geka. 28:1145-1153, 1977
Brashear R Jr et al: Fractures of the neural arch of the axis. A report of twenty-nine cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 57(7):879-87, 1975
Comminuted fracture through C2 vertebral body, pedicle, superior articulating process, transverse foramen
Displacement of fragments in AP direction
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Robinson AL et al: C2 fracture subtypes, incidence, and treatment allocation change with age: a retrospective cohort study of 233 consecutive cases. Biomed Res Int. 2017:8321680, 2017
Assaghir Y: Burst C2 fractures combined with traumatic spondylolisthesis: can atlantoaxial motion be preserved? Including some technical tips for reduction and fixation. Global Spine J. 6(6):555-62, 2016
Debernardi A et al: Traumatic injuries to the craniovertebral junction: a review of rare events. Neurosurg Rev. 37(2):203-16; discussion 216, 2014
Pryputniewicz DM et al: Axis fractures. Neurosurgery. 66(3 Suppl):68-82, 2010
Hurlbert RJ: Strategies of medical intervention in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 31(11 Suppl):S16-21; discussion S36, 2006
German JW et al: Nonoperative management of vertical C2 body fractures. Neurosurgery. 56(3):516-21; discussion 516-21, 2005
Congress of Neurological Surgeons: Isolated fractures of the axis in adults. Neurosurgery. 50(3 Suppl):S125-39, 2002
Isolated fractures of the axis in adults. Neurosurgery. 50(3 Suppl):S125-39, 2002
Daffner RH et al: A new classification for cervical vertebral injuries: influence of CT. Skeletal Radiol. 29(3):125-32, 2000
Greene KA et al: Acute axis fractures. Analysis of management and outcome in 340 consecutive cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22(16):1843-52, 1997
Fujimura Y et al: Classification and treatment of axis body fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 10(8):536-40, 1996
Benzel EC et al: Fractures of the C-2 vertebral body. J Neurosurg. 81(2):206-12, 1994
Lozano-Requena JA et al: Sagittal fracture of the second cervical vertebral body. Int Orthop. 18(2):114-5, 1994
Bohay D et al: The vertical axis fracture: a report on three cases. J Orthop Trauma. 6(4):416-9, 1992
Baba H et al: Burst fracture of the body of the axis; a case report [Japanese]. Orthop Surg Traumatol. 32:1659-62, 1989
Burke JT et al: Acute injuries of the axis vertebra. Skeletal Radiol. 18(5):335-46, 1989
Hadley MN et al: Acute axis fractures: a review of 229 cases. J Neurosurg. 71(5 Pt 1):642-7, 1989
Jakim I et al: Transverse fracture through the body of the axis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 70(5):728-9, 1988
Guerra J Jr et al: Vertebral burst fractures: CT analysis of the retropulsed fragment. Radiology. 153(3):769-72, 1984
Kobayashi K: Axis body fracture [Japanese]. Seikei Geka. 28:1145-1153, 1977
Brashear R Jr et al: Fractures of the neural arch of the axis. A report of twenty-nine cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 57(7):879-87, 1975
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