Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Nonodontoid, nonhangman's, miscellaneous C2 fracture
Definitions
- Comminuted fracture through C2 vertebral body, pedicle, superior articulating process, transverse foramen
- Displacement of fragments in AP direction
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Robinson AL et al: C2 fracture subtypes, incidence, and treatment allocation change with age: a retrospective cohort study of 233 consecutive cases. Biomed Res Int. 2017:8321680, 2017
- Assaghir Y: Burst C2 fractures combined with traumatic spondylolisthesis: can atlantoaxial motion be preserved? Including some technical tips for reduction and fixation. Global Spine J. 6(6):555-62, 2016
- Debernardi A et al: Traumatic injuries to the craniovertebral junction: a review of rare events. Neurosurg Rev. 37(2):203-16; discussion 216, 2014
- Bracken MB: Steroids for acute spinal cord injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1:CD001046, 2012
- Pryputniewicz DM et al: Axis fractures. Neurosurgery. 66(3 Suppl):68-82, 2010
- Hurlbert RJ: Strategies of medical intervention in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 31(11 Suppl):S16-21; discussion S36, 2006
- German JW et al: Nonoperative management of vertical C2 body fractures. Neurosurgery. 56(3):516-21; discussion 516-21, 2005
- Congress of Neurological Surgeons: Isolated fractures of the axis in adults. Neurosurgery. 50(3 Suppl):S125-39, 2002
- Isolated fractures of the axis in adults. Neurosurgery. 50(3 Suppl):S125-39, 2002
- Daffner RH et al: A new classification for cervical vertebral injuries: influence of CT. Skeletal Radiol. 29(3):125-32, 2000
- Greene KA et al: Acute axis fractures. Analysis of management and outcome in 340 consecutive cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22(16):1843-52, 1997
- Fujimura Y et al: Classification and treatment of axis body fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 10(8):536-40, 1996
- Benzel EC et al: Fractures of the C-2 vertebral body. J Neurosurg. 81(2):206-12, 1994
- Lozano-Requena JA et al: Sagittal fracture of the second cervical vertebral body. Int Orthop. 18(2):114-5, 1994
- Bohay D et al: The vertical axis fracture: a report on three cases. J Orthop Trauma. 6(4):416-9, 1992
- Baba H et al: Burst fracture of the body of the axis; a case report [Japanese]. Orthop Surg Traumatol. 32:1659-62, 1989
- Burke JT et al: Acute injuries of the axis vertebra. Skeletal Radiol. 18(5):335-46, 1989
- Hadley MN et al: Acute axis fractures: a review of 229 cases. J Neurosurg. 71(5 Pt 1):642-7, 1989
- Jakim I et al: Transverse fracture through the body of the axis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 70(5):728-9, 1988
- Guerra J Jr et al: Vertebral burst fractures: CT analysis of the retropulsed fragment. Radiology. 153(3):769-72, 1984
- Kobayashi K: Axis body fracture [Japanese]. Seikei Geka. 28:1145-1153, 1977
- Brashear R Jr et al: Fractures of the neural arch of the axis. A report of twenty-nine cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 57(7):879-87, 1975
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Nonodontoid, nonhangman's, miscellaneous C2 fracture
Definitions
- Comminuted fracture through C2 vertebral body, pedicle, superior articulating process, transverse foramen
- Displacement of fragments in AP direction
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Robinson AL et al: C2 fracture subtypes, incidence, and treatment allocation change with age: a retrospective cohort study of 233 consecutive cases. Biomed Res Int. 2017:8321680, 2017
- Assaghir Y: Burst C2 fractures combined with traumatic spondylolisthesis: can atlantoaxial motion be preserved? Including some technical tips for reduction and fixation. Global Spine J. 6(6):555-62, 2016
- Debernardi A et al: Traumatic injuries to the craniovertebral junction: a review of rare events. Neurosurg Rev. 37(2):203-16; discussion 216, 2014
- Bracken MB: Steroids for acute spinal cord injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1:CD001046, 2012
- Pryputniewicz DM et al: Axis fractures. Neurosurgery. 66(3 Suppl):68-82, 2010
- Hurlbert RJ: Strategies of medical intervention in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 31(11 Suppl):S16-21; discussion S36, 2006
- German JW et al: Nonoperative management of vertical C2 body fractures. Neurosurgery. 56(3):516-21; discussion 516-21, 2005
- Congress of Neurological Surgeons: Isolated fractures of the axis in adults. Neurosurgery. 50(3 Suppl):S125-39, 2002
- Isolated fractures of the axis in adults. Neurosurgery. 50(3 Suppl):S125-39, 2002
- Daffner RH et al: A new classification for cervical vertebral injuries: influence of CT. Skeletal Radiol. 29(3):125-32, 2000
- Greene KA et al: Acute axis fractures. Analysis of management and outcome in 340 consecutive cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22(16):1843-52, 1997
- Fujimura Y et al: Classification and treatment of axis body fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 10(8):536-40, 1996
- Benzel EC et al: Fractures of the C-2 vertebral body. J Neurosurg. 81(2):206-12, 1994
- Lozano-Requena JA et al: Sagittal fracture of the second cervical vertebral body. Int Orthop. 18(2):114-5, 1994
- Bohay D et al: The vertical axis fracture: a report on three cases. J Orthop Trauma. 6(4):416-9, 1992
- Baba H et al: Burst fracture of the body of the axis; a case report [Japanese]. Orthop Surg Traumatol. 32:1659-62, 1989
- Burke JT et al: Acute injuries of the axis vertebra. Skeletal Radiol. 18(5):335-46, 1989
- Hadley MN et al: Acute axis fractures: a review of 229 cases. J Neurosurg. 71(5 Pt 1):642-7, 1989
- Jakim I et al: Transverse fracture through the body of the axis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 70(5):728-9, 1988
- Guerra J Jr et al: Vertebral burst fractures: CT analysis of the retropulsed fragment. Radiology. 153(3):769-72, 1984
- Kobayashi K: Axis body fracture [Japanese]. Seikei Geka. 28:1145-1153, 1977
- Brashear R Jr et al: Fractures of the neural arch of the axis. A report of twenty-nine cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 57(7):879-87, 1975
