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Ultrasound
Differential Diagnosis
Thyroid and Parathyroid
Calcified Thyroid Nodule
Calcified Thyroid Nodule
Evelyn W. K. Tang, MBBS, FRCR; Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR; Eric K. C. Law, MBChB, FRCR
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

    ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

    • Key Differential Diagnosis Issues

      • Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses

        • Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses

          Selected References

          1. Ha EJ et al: Diagnostic performance of ultrasound-based risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules: comparison of the 2015 ATA guidelines with the 2016 KTA/KSThR and 2017 ACR guidelines. Thyroid. 28(11):1532-37, 2018
          2. Lee JH et al: Risk stratification of thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) cytology using ultrasonography patterns defined by the 2015 ATA guidelines. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 126(9):625-33, 2017
          3. Haugen BR et al: 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 26(1):1-133, 2016
          4. Na DG et al: Thyroid nodules with isolated macrocalcification: malignancy risk and diagnostic efficacy of fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy. Ultrasonography. 35(3):212-9, 2016
          5. Kim BK et al: Relationship between patterns of calcification in thyroid nodules and histopathologic findings. Endocr J. 60(2):155-60, 2013
          6. Lee J et al: Fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules with macrocalcification. Thyroid. 23(9):1106-12, 2013
          7. Sofferman RA et al: Ultrasound of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. New York: Springer. 61-150, 2012
          8. Anil G et al: Thyroid nodules: risk stratification for malignancy with ultrasound and guided biopsy. Cancer Imaging. 11:209-23, 2011
          9. Kwak JY et al: Thyroid imaging reporting and data system for US features of nodules: a step in establishing better stratification of cancer risk. Radiology. 260(3):892-9, 2011
          10. Lu Z et al: Clinical value of using ultrasound to assess calcification patterns in thyroid nodules. World J Surg. 35(1):122-7, 2011
          11. Lee SK et al: Follicular thyroid adenoma with eggshell calcification presenting as an intensely hypermetabolic lesion on 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Clin Ultrasound. 38(2):107-10, 2010
          12. Moon HJ et al: Can vascularity at power Doppler US help predict thyroid malignancy? Radiology. 255(1):260-9, 2010
          13. Bonavita JA et al: Pattern recognition of benign nodules at ultrasound of the thyroid: which nodules can be left alone? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(1):207-13, 2009
          14. Lee SK et al: Follicular thyroid carcinoma with an eggshell calcification: report of 3 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 28(6):801-6, 2009
          15. Park M et al: Sonography of thyroid nodules with peripheral calcifications. J Clin Ultrasound. 37(6):324-8, 2009
          16. Kim BM et al: Sonographic differentiation of thyroid nodules with eggshell calcifications. J Ultrasound Med. 27(10):1425-30, 2008
          17. Moon WJ et al: Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiation--multicenter retrospective study. Radiology. 247(3):762-70, 2008
          18. Ahuja AT et al: Diagnostic Imaging: Ultrasound. 1st ed. Salt Lake City: Amirsys Publishing, Inc. 11-6-31, 2007
          19. Hoang JK et al: US Features of thyroid malignancy: pearls and pitfalls. Radiographics. 27(3):847-60; discussion 861-5, 2007
          20. Yoon DY et al: Peripheral calcification in thyroid nodules: ultrasonographic features and prediction of malignancy. J Ultrasound Med. 26(10):1349-55; quiz 1356-7, 2007
          21. Frates MC et al: Management of thyroid nodules detected at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus conference statement. Radiology. 237(3):794-800, 2005
          22. Taki S et al: Thyroid calcifications: sonographic patterns and incidence of cancer. Clin Imaging. 28(5):368-71, 2004
          Related Anatomy
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          References
          Tables

          Tables

          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

            ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

            • Key Differential Diagnosis Issues

              • Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses

                • Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses

                  Selected References

                  1. Ha EJ et al: Diagnostic performance of ultrasound-based risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules: comparison of the 2015 ATA guidelines with the 2016 KTA/KSThR and 2017 ACR guidelines. Thyroid. 28(11):1532-37, 2018
                  2. Lee JH et al: Risk stratification of thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) cytology using ultrasonography patterns defined by the 2015 ATA guidelines. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 126(9):625-33, 2017
                  3. Haugen BR et al: 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 26(1):1-133, 2016
                  4. Na DG et al: Thyroid nodules with isolated macrocalcification: malignancy risk and diagnostic efficacy of fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy. Ultrasonography. 35(3):212-9, 2016
                  5. Kim BK et al: Relationship between patterns of calcification in thyroid nodules and histopathologic findings. Endocr J. 60(2):155-60, 2013
                  6. Lee J et al: Fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules with macrocalcification. Thyroid. 23(9):1106-12, 2013
                  7. Sofferman RA et al: Ultrasound of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. New York: Springer. 61-150, 2012
                  8. Anil G et al: Thyroid nodules: risk stratification for malignancy with ultrasound and guided biopsy. Cancer Imaging. 11:209-23, 2011
                  9. Kwak JY et al: Thyroid imaging reporting and data system for US features of nodules: a step in establishing better stratification of cancer risk. Radiology. 260(3):892-9, 2011
                  10. Lu Z et al: Clinical value of using ultrasound to assess calcification patterns in thyroid nodules. World J Surg. 35(1):122-7, 2011
                  11. Lee SK et al: Follicular thyroid adenoma with eggshell calcification presenting as an intensely hypermetabolic lesion on 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Clin Ultrasound. 38(2):107-10, 2010
                  12. Moon HJ et al: Can vascularity at power Doppler US help predict thyroid malignancy? Radiology. 255(1):260-9, 2010
                  13. Bonavita JA et al: Pattern recognition of benign nodules at ultrasound of the thyroid: which nodules can be left alone? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(1):207-13, 2009
                  14. Lee SK et al: Follicular thyroid carcinoma with an eggshell calcification: report of 3 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 28(6):801-6, 2009
                  15. Park M et al: Sonography of thyroid nodules with peripheral calcifications. J Clin Ultrasound. 37(6):324-8, 2009
                  16. Kim BM et al: Sonographic differentiation of thyroid nodules with eggshell calcifications. J Ultrasound Med. 27(10):1425-30, 2008
                  17. Moon WJ et al: Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiation--multicenter retrospective study. Radiology. 247(3):762-70, 2008
                  18. Ahuja AT et al: Diagnostic Imaging: Ultrasound. 1st ed. Salt Lake City: Amirsys Publishing, Inc. 11-6-31, 2007
                  19. Hoang JK et al: US Features of thyroid malignancy: pearls and pitfalls. Radiographics. 27(3):847-60; discussion 861-5, 2007
                  20. Yoon DY et al: Peripheral calcification in thyroid nodules: ultrasonographic features and prediction of malignancy. J Ultrasound Med. 26(10):1349-55; quiz 1356-7, 2007
                  21. Frates MC et al: Management of thyroid nodules detected at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus conference statement. Radiology. 237(3):794-800, 2005
                  22. Taki S et al: Thyroid calcifications: sonographic patterns and incidence of cancer. Clin Imaging. 28(5):368-71, 2004