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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Gastrointestinal carcinoid (neuroendocrine tumor)
Definitions
- Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) originating in digestive tract
- Or, less commonly, lung or genitourinary tract
- Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) originating in digestive tract
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Migut AE et al: Neuroendocrine tumors: imaging of treatment and follow-up. Radiol Clin North Am. 58(6):1161-71, 2020
- Bates DDB et al: Beyond adenocarcinoma: MRI of uncommon rectal neoplasms and mimickers. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(11):3581-94, 2019
- Clark M et al: Multifocal small bowel carcinoid: evaluation by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET. Clin Nucl Med. 44(4):e308-10, 2019
- Gupta A et al: CT detection of primary and metastatic ileal carcinoid tumor: rates of missed findings and associated delay in clinical diagnosis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(8):2721-8, 2019
- Tierney JF et al: 68Gallium-DOTATATE positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET CT) changes management in a majority of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Surgery. 165(1):178-85, 2019
- Addeo P et al: The added diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine PET/CT in the preoperative work-up of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors. J Gastrointest Surg. 22(4):722-30, 2018
- Gore RM et al: Diseases of the upper GI tract, 2018
- Shogbesan O et al: Primary mesenteric carcinoid tumor presenting with carcinoid syndrome. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 12(2):396-401, 2018
- Baxi AJ et al: Multimodality imaging findings in carcinoid tumors: a head-to-toe spectrum. Radiographics. 37(2):516-36, 2017
- Sokhandon F et al: Multidetector CT enterography of focal small bowel lesions: a radiological-pathological correlation. Abdom Radiol (NY). 42(5):1319-41, 2017
- Basuroy R et al: Neuroendocrine tumors. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 45(3):487-507, 2016
- Helali M et al: Small bowel carcinoid: the "dancing bowel sign" on 18F-FDOPA PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 41(12):944-5, 2016
- Castellano D et al: Expert consensus for the management of advanced or metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine and carcinoid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 75(6):1099-114, 2015
- Ortiz J et al: Liver transplant for neuroendocrine tumor metastatic to the liver: literature review and report of extirpation at 16-year recurrence. Exp Clin Transplant. ;13(1):86-91, 2015
- Tsai SD et al: Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: retrospective evaluation of CT imaging features and pattern of metastatic disease on dual-phase MDCT with pathologic correlation. Abdom Imaging. 40(5):1121-30, 2015
- Imperiale A et al: Unknown multifocal ileal carcinoid revealed by (18)F-FDOPA PET/CT. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99(5):1510-1, 2014
- Sollini M et al: PET and PET/CT with 68gallium-labeled somatostatin analogues in non GEP-NETs tumors. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014:194123, 2014
- Anzidei M et al: Malignant tumours of the small intestine: a review of histopathology, multidetector CT and MRI aspects. Br J Radiol. 84(1004):677-90, 2011
- Elsayes KM et al: Imaging of carcinoid tumors: spectrum of findings with pathologic and clinical correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 35(1):72-80, 2011
- Groth SS et al: Appendiceal carcinoid tumors: predictors of lymph node metastasis and the impact of right hemicolectomy on survival. J Surg Oncol. 103(1):39-45, 2011
- Horton KM et al: Multidetector-row computed tomography and 3-dimensional computed tomography imaging of small bowel neoplasms: current concept in diagnosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 28(1):106-16, 2004
- Horton KM et al: Carcinoid tumors of the small bowel: a multitechnique imaging approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(3):559-67, 2004
- Maccioni F et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of an ileal carcinoid tumor. Correlation with CT and US. Clin Imaging. 27(6):403-7, 2003
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References
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Gastrointestinal carcinoid (neuroendocrine tumor)
Definitions
- Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) originating in digestive tract
- Or, less commonly, lung or genitourinary tract
- Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) originating in digestive tract
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Migut AE et al: Neuroendocrine tumors: imaging of treatment and follow-up. Radiol Clin North Am. 58(6):1161-71, 2020
- Bates DDB et al: Beyond adenocarcinoma: MRI of uncommon rectal neoplasms and mimickers. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(11):3581-94, 2019
- Clark M et al: Multifocal small bowel carcinoid: evaluation by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET. Clin Nucl Med. 44(4):e308-10, 2019
- Gupta A et al: CT detection of primary and metastatic ileal carcinoid tumor: rates of missed findings and associated delay in clinical diagnosis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(8):2721-8, 2019
- Tierney JF et al: 68Gallium-DOTATATE positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET CT) changes management in a majority of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Surgery. 165(1):178-85, 2019
- Addeo P et al: The added diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine PET/CT in the preoperative work-up of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors. J Gastrointest Surg. 22(4):722-30, 2018
- Gore RM et al: Diseases of the upper GI tract, 2018
- Shogbesan O et al: Primary mesenteric carcinoid tumor presenting with carcinoid syndrome. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 12(2):396-401, 2018
- Baxi AJ et al: Multimodality imaging findings in carcinoid tumors: a head-to-toe spectrum. Radiographics. 37(2):516-36, 2017
- Sokhandon F et al: Multidetector CT enterography of focal small bowel lesions: a radiological-pathological correlation. Abdom Radiol (NY). 42(5):1319-41, 2017
- Basuroy R et al: Neuroendocrine tumors. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 45(3):487-507, 2016
- Helali M et al: Small bowel carcinoid: the "dancing bowel sign" on 18F-FDOPA PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 41(12):944-5, 2016
- Castellano D et al: Expert consensus for the management of advanced or metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine and carcinoid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 75(6):1099-114, 2015
- Ortiz J et al: Liver transplant for neuroendocrine tumor metastatic to the liver: literature review and report of extirpation at 16-year recurrence. Exp Clin Transplant. ;13(1):86-91, 2015
- Tsai SD et al: Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: retrospective evaluation of CT imaging features and pattern of metastatic disease on dual-phase MDCT with pathologic correlation. Abdom Imaging. 40(5):1121-30, 2015
- Imperiale A et al: Unknown multifocal ileal carcinoid revealed by (18)F-FDOPA PET/CT. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99(5):1510-1, 2014
- Sollini M et al: PET and PET/CT with 68gallium-labeled somatostatin analogues in non GEP-NETs tumors. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014:194123, 2014
- Anzidei M et al: Malignant tumours of the small intestine: a review of histopathology, multidetector CT and MRI aspects. Br J Radiol. 84(1004):677-90, 2011
- Elsayes KM et al: Imaging of carcinoid tumors: spectrum of findings with pathologic and clinical correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 35(1):72-80, 2011
- Groth SS et al: Appendiceal carcinoid tumors: predictors of lymph node metastasis and the impact of right hemicolectomy on survival. J Surg Oncol. 103(1):39-45, 2011
- Horton KM et al: Multidetector-row computed tomography and 3-dimensional computed tomography imaging of small bowel neoplasms: current concept in diagnosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 28(1):106-16, 2004
- Horton KM et al: Carcinoid tumors of the small bowel: a multitechnique imaging approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(3):559-67, 2004
- Maccioni F et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of an ileal carcinoid tumor. Correlation with CT and US. Clin Imaging. 27(6):403-7, 2003
