Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) originating in digestive tract
Or, less commonly, lung or genitourinary tract
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Migut AE et al: Neuroendocrine tumors: imaging of treatment and follow-up. Radiol Clin North Am. 58(6):1161-71, 2020
Bates DDB et al: Beyond adenocarcinoma: MRI of uncommon rectal neoplasms and mimickers. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(11):3581-94, 2019
Clark M et al: Multifocal small bowel carcinoid: evaluation by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET. Clin Nucl Med. 44(4):e308-10, 2019
Gupta A et al: CT detection of primary and metastatic ileal carcinoid tumor: rates of missed findings and associated delay in clinical diagnosis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(8):2721-8, 2019
Tierney JF et al: 68Gallium-DOTATATE positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET CT) changes management in a majority of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Surgery. 165(1):178-85, 2019
Addeo P et al: The added diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine PET/CT in the preoperative work-up of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors. J Gastrointest Surg. 22(4):722-30, 2018
Gore RM et al: Diseases of the upper GI tract, 2018
Shogbesan O et al: Primary mesenteric carcinoid tumor presenting with carcinoid syndrome. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 12(2):396-401, 2018
Baxi AJ et al: Multimodality imaging findings in carcinoid tumors: a head-to-toe spectrum. Radiographics. 37(2):516-36, 2017
Sokhandon F et al: Multidetector CT enterography of focal small bowel lesions: a radiological-pathological correlation. Abdom Radiol (NY). 42(5):1319-41, 2017
Basuroy R et al: Neuroendocrine tumors. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 45(3):487-507, 2016
Helali M et al: Small bowel carcinoid: the "dancing bowel sign" on 18F-FDOPA PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 41(12):944-5, 2016
Castellano D et al: Expert consensus for the management of advanced or metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine and carcinoid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 75(6):1099-114, 2015
Ortiz J et al: Liver transplant for neuroendocrine tumor metastatic to the liver: literature review and report of extirpation at 16-year recurrence. Exp Clin Transplant. ;13(1):86-91, 2015
Tsai SD et al: Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: retrospective evaluation of CT imaging features and pattern of metastatic disease on dual-phase MDCT with pathologic correlation. Abdom Imaging. 40(5):1121-30, 2015
Imperiale A et al: Unknown multifocal ileal carcinoid revealed by (18)F-FDOPA PET/CT. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99(5):1510-1, 2014
Sollini M et al: PET and PET/CT with 68gallium-labeled somatostatin analogues in non GEP-NETs tumors. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014:194123, 2014
Anzidei M et al: Malignant tumours of the small intestine: a review of histopathology, multidetector CT and MRI aspects. Br J Radiol. 84(1004):677-90, 2011
Elsayes KM et al: Imaging of carcinoid tumors: spectrum of findings with pathologic and clinical correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 35(1):72-80, 2011
Groth SS et al: Appendiceal carcinoid tumors: predictors of lymph node metastasis and the impact of right hemicolectomy on survival. J Surg Oncol. 103(1):39-45, 2011
Horton KM et al: Multidetector-row computed tomography and 3-dimensional computed tomography imaging of small bowel neoplasms: current concept in diagnosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 28(1):106-16, 2004
Horton KM et al: Carcinoid tumors of the small bowel: a multitechnique imaging approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(3):559-67, 2004
Maccioni F et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of an ileal carcinoid tumor. Correlation with CT and US. Clin Imaging. 27(6):403-7, 2003
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Gastrointestinal carcinoid (neuroendocrine tumor)
Definitions
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) originating in digestive tract
Or, less commonly, lung or genitourinary tract
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Migut AE et al: Neuroendocrine tumors: imaging of treatment and follow-up. Radiol Clin North Am. 58(6):1161-71, 2020
Bates DDB et al: Beyond adenocarcinoma: MRI of uncommon rectal neoplasms and mimickers. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(11):3581-94, 2019
Clark M et al: Multifocal small bowel carcinoid: evaluation by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET. Clin Nucl Med. 44(4):e308-10, 2019
Gupta A et al: CT detection of primary and metastatic ileal carcinoid tumor: rates of missed findings and associated delay in clinical diagnosis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(8):2721-8, 2019
Tierney JF et al: 68Gallium-DOTATATE positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET CT) changes management in a majority of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Surgery. 165(1):178-85, 2019
Addeo P et al: The added diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine PET/CT in the preoperative work-up of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors. J Gastrointest Surg. 22(4):722-30, 2018
Gore RM et al: Diseases of the upper GI tract, 2018
Shogbesan O et al: Primary mesenteric carcinoid tumor presenting with carcinoid syndrome. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 12(2):396-401, 2018
Baxi AJ et al: Multimodality imaging findings in carcinoid tumors: a head-to-toe spectrum. Radiographics. 37(2):516-36, 2017
Sokhandon F et al: Multidetector CT enterography of focal small bowel lesions: a radiological-pathological correlation. Abdom Radiol (NY). 42(5):1319-41, 2017
Basuroy R et al: Neuroendocrine tumors. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 45(3):487-507, 2016
Helali M et al: Small bowel carcinoid: the "dancing bowel sign" on 18F-FDOPA PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 41(12):944-5, 2016
Castellano D et al: Expert consensus for the management of advanced or metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine and carcinoid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 75(6):1099-114, 2015
Ortiz J et al: Liver transplant for neuroendocrine tumor metastatic to the liver: literature review and report of extirpation at 16-year recurrence. Exp Clin Transplant. ;13(1):86-91, 2015
Tsai SD et al: Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: retrospective evaluation of CT imaging features and pattern of metastatic disease on dual-phase MDCT with pathologic correlation. Abdom Imaging. 40(5):1121-30, 2015
Imperiale A et al: Unknown multifocal ileal carcinoid revealed by (18)F-FDOPA PET/CT. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99(5):1510-1, 2014
Sollini M et al: PET and PET/CT with 68gallium-labeled somatostatin analogues in non GEP-NETs tumors. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014:194123, 2014
Anzidei M et al: Malignant tumours of the small intestine: a review of histopathology, multidetector CT and MRI aspects. Br J Radiol. 84(1004):677-90, 2011
Elsayes KM et al: Imaging of carcinoid tumors: spectrum of findings with pathologic and clinical correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 35(1):72-80, 2011
Groth SS et al: Appendiceal carcinoid tumors: predictors of lymph node metastasis and the impact of right hemicolectomy on survival. J Surg Oncol. 103(1):39-45, 2011
Horton KM et al: Multidetector-row computed tomography and 3-dimensional computed tomography imaging of small bowel neoplasms: current concept in diagnosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 28(1):106-16, 2004
Horton KM et al: Carcinoid tumors of the small bowel: a multitechnique imaging approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(3):559-67, 2004
Maccioni F et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of an ileal carcinoid tumor. Correlation with CT and US. Clin Imaging. 27(6):403-7, 2003
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