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Gynecology
Diagnosis
Ovary
Neoplasms
Epithelial
Carcinosarcoma (Mixed Müllerian Tumor)
Carcinosarcoma (Mixed Müllerian Tumor)
Akram M. Shaaban, MBBCh
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS)

            • Synonyms

              • Malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT)

            • Definitions

              • Malignant neoplasms composed of malignant epithelial (carcinoma) and malignant mesenchymal (sarcoma) elements

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • CT Findings

                • MR Findings

                  • Ultrasonographic Findings

                    • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                      • Imaging Recommendations

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • General Features

                            • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                              • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                • Microscopic Features

                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                  • Presentation

                                    • Demographics

                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                        • Treatment

                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                          • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                            Selected References

                                            1. Boussios S et al: Ovarian carcinosarcoma: current developments and future perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 134:46-55, 2019
                                            2. Whynott RM et al: Breast cancer is common in women with ovarian malignant mixed mullerian tumors. Am J Clin Oncol. 41(3):286-8, 2018
                                            3. Rauh-Hain JA et al: Patterns of care, predictors and outcomes of chemotherapy for ovarian carcinosarcoma: a National Cancer Database analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 142(1):38-43, 2016
                                            4. Brustmann H: Ovarian carcinosarcoma associated with bilateral tubal intraepithelial carcinoma: a case report. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 32(4):384-9, 2013
                                            5. George EM et al: Carcinosarcoma of the ovary: natural history, patterns of treatment, and outcome. Gynecol Oncol. 131(1):42-5, 2013
                                            6. Terada T: Ovarian malignant mullerian mixed tumor (heterologous) whose epithelial component is composed predominantly of signet ring cell carcinoma. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 283(6):1403-6, 2011
                                            7. Chiu SY et al: Primary malignant mixed müllerian tumor of the ovary. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 49(1):87-90, 2010
                                            8. Ling Y et al: [Magnetic resonance imaging of ovarian carcinosarcoma: correlation to the clinicopathological findings.] Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 30(7):1648-50, 2010
                                            9. Su N et al: [Ultrasonographic characteristics of ovarian carcinosarcoma.] Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 32(1):113-5, 2010
                                            10. Yoon JH et al: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in extrauterine malignant mixed mullerian tumors: report of two cases. J Magn Reson Imaging. 32(5):1238-41, 2010
                                            11. Cantrell LA et al: Carcinosarcoma of the ovary a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 64(10):673-80; quiz 697, 2009
                                            12. Hussein MR et al: Primary peritoneal malignant mixed mesodermal (Müllerian) tumor. Tumori. 95(4):525-31, 2009
                                            13. Navarini R et al: Malignant mixed müllerian tumors of the ovary. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 18(1):20-3, 2006
                                            14. Rutledge TL et al: Carcinosarcoma of the ovary-a case series. Gynecol Oncol. 100(1):128-32, 2006
                                            15. Barnholtz-Sloan JS et al: Survival of women diagnosed with malignant, mixed mullerian tumors of the ovary (OMMMT). Gynecol Oncol. 93(2):506-12, 2004
                                            16. Brown E et al: Carcinosarcoma of the ovary: 19 years of prospective data from a single center. Cancer. 100(10):2148-53, 2004
                                            17. Harris MA et al: Carcinosarcoma of the ovary. Br J Cancer. 88(5):654-7, 2003
                                            18. Duska LR et al: Paclitaxel and platinum chemotherapy for malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the ovary. Gynecol Oncol. 85(3):459-63, 2002
                                            19. Cho SB et al: Malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary: imaging findings. Eur Radiol. 11(7):1147-50, 2001
                                            20. Melilli GA et al: Malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary: report of four cases. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 22(1):67-9, 2001
                                            21. Wei LH et al: Carcinosarcoma of ovary associated with previous radiotherapy. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 11(1):81-4, 2001
                                            22. Ariyoshi K et al: Prognostic factors in ovarian carcinosarcoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 23 cases. Histopathology. 37(5):427-36, 2000
                                            23. Sit AS et al: Chemotherapy for malignant mixed Mullerian tumors of the ovary. Gynecol Oncol. 79(2):196-200, 2000
                                            Related Anatomy
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                                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                            References
                                            Tables

                                            Tables

                                            KEY FACTS

                                            • Terminology

                                              • Imaging

                                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                  • Pathology

                                                    • Clinical Issues

                                                      TERMINOLOGY

                                                      • Abbreviations

                                                        • Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS)

                                                      • Synonyms

                                                        • Malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT)

                                                      • Definitions

                                                        • Malignant neoplasms composed of malignant epithelial (carcinoma) and malignant mesenchymal (sarcoma) elements

                                                      IMAGING

                                                      • General Features

                                                        • CT Findings

                                                          • MR Findings

                                                            • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                              • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                                    • General Features

                                                                      • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                        • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                          • Microscopic Features

                                                                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                            • Presentation

                                                                              • Demographics

                                                                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                  • Treatment

                                                                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                      Selected References

                                                                                      1. Boussios S et al: Ovarian carcinosarcoma: current developments and future perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 134:46-55, 2019
                                                                                      2. Whynott RM et al: Breast cancer is common in women with ovarian malignant mixed mullerian tumors. Am J Clin Oncol. 41(3):286-8, 2018
                                                                                      3. Rauh-Hain JA et al: Patterns of care, predictors and outcomes of chemotherapy for ovarian carcinosarcoma: a National Cancer Database analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 142(1):38-43, 2016
                                                                                      4. Brustmann H: Ovarian carcinosarcoma associated with bilateral tubal intraepithelial carcinoma: a case report. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 32(4):384-9, 2013
                                                                                      5. George EM et al: Carcinosarcoma of the ovary: natural history, patterns of treatment, and outcome. Gynecol Oncol. 131(1):42-5, 2013
                                                                                      6. Terada T: Ovarian malignant mullerian mixed tumor (heterologous) whose epithelial component is composed predominantly of signet ring cell carcinoma. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 283(6):1403-6, 2011
                                                                                      7. Chiu SY et al: Primary malignant mixed müllerian tumor of the ovary. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 49(1):87-90, 2010
                                                                                      8. Ling Y et al: [Magnetic resonance imaging of ovarian carcinosarcoma: correlation to the clinicopathological findings.] Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 30(7):1648-50, 2010
                                                                                      9. Su N et al: [Ultrasonographic characteristics of ovarian carcinosarcoma.] Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 32(1):113-5, 2010
                                                                                      10. Yoon JH et al: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in extrauterine malignant mixed mullerian tumors: report of two cases. J Magn Reson Imaging. 32(5):1238-41, 2010
                                                                                      11. Cantrell LA et al: Carcinosarcoma of the ovary a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 64(10):673-80; quiz 697, 2009
                                                                                      12. Hussein MR et al: Primary peritoneal malignant mixed mesodermal (Müllerian) tumor. Tumori. 95(4):525-31, 2009
                                                                                      13. Navarini R et al: Malignant mixed müllerian tumors of the ovary. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 18(1):20-3, 2006
                                                                                      14. Rutledge TL et al: Carcinosarcoma of the ovary-a case series. Gynecol Oncol. 100(1):128-32, 2006
                                                                                      15. Barnholtz-Sloan JS et al: Survival of women diagnosed with malignant, mixed mullerian tumors of the ovary (OMMMT). Gynecol Oncol. 93(2):506-12, 2004
                                                                                      16. Brown E et al: Carcinosarcoma of the ovary: 19 years of prospective data from a single center. Cancer. 100(10):2148-53, 2004
                                                                                      17. Harris MA et al: Carcinosarcoma of the ovary. Br J Cancer. 88(5):654-7, 2003
                                                                                      18. Duska LR et al: Paclitaxel and platinum chemotherapy for malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the ovary. Gynecol Oncol. 85(3):459-63, 2002
                                                                                      19. Cho SB et al: Malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary: imaging findings. Eur Radiol. 11(7):1147-50, 2001
                                                                                      20. Melilli GA et al: Malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary: report of four cases. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 22(1):67-9, 2001
                                                                                      21. Wei LH et al: Carcinosarcoma of ovary associated with previous radiotherapy. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 11(1):81-4, 2001
                                                                                      22. Ariyoshi K et al: Prognostic factors in ovarian carcinosarcoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 23 cases. Histopathology. 37(5):427-36, 2000
                                                                                      23. Sit AS et al: Chemotherapy for malignant mixed Mullerian tumors of the ovary. Gynecol Oncol. 79(2):196-200, 2000