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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Synonyms
- HCM: Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS)
- HCM: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
Definitions
- HCM
- Primary disorder of cardiac muscle
- Thickened, but nondilated, left ventricle (LV)
- Absence of another cardiac or systemic disease capable of producing hypertrophy
- Primary disorder of cardiac muscle
- DCM
- Dilated heart with decreased systolic function
- Final common pathway for diverse disease processes that lead to heart failure
- HCM
IMAGING
General Features
Echocardiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Zaban NB et al: Fetal echocardiography is useful for screening fetuses with a family history of cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Cardiol. 41(8):1766-72, 2020
- Yamamoto H et al: Prediction of postnatal clinical course in primary congenital dilated cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Int. 61(12):1196-201, 2019
- Ezon DS et al: Echocardiographic parameters and outcomes in primary fetal cardiomyopathy. J Ultrasound Med. 35(9):1949-55, 2016
- Moon-Grady AJ: Fetal echocardiography in twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Am J Perinatol. 31 Suppl 1:S31-8, 2014
- Weber R et al: Spectrum and outcome of primary cardiomyopathies diagnosed during fetal life. JACC Heart Fail. 2(4):403-11, 2014
- Mongiovì M et al: Diagnosis and prognosis of fetal cardiomyopathies: a review. Curr Pharm Des. 16(26):2929-34, 2010
- Yinon Y et al: Fetal cardiomyopathy--in utero evaluation and clinical significance. Prenat Diagn. 27(1):23-8, 2007
- Barth PG et al: X-linked cardioskeletal myopathy and neutropenia (Barth syndrome): an update. Am J Med Genet A. 126(4):349-54, 2004
- Huhta JC: Guidelines for the evaluation of heart failure in the fetus with or without hydrops. Pediatr Cardiol. 25(3):274-86, 2004
- Karatza AA et al: Isolated non-compaction of the ventricular myocardium: prenatal diagnosis and natural history. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 21(1):75-80, 2003
- Pedra SR et al: Fetal cardiomyopathies: pathogenic mechanisms, hemodynamic findings, and clinical outcome. Circulation. 106(5):585-91, 2002
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Synonyms
- HCM: Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS)
- HCM: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
Definitions
- HCM
- Primary disorder of cardiac muscle
- Thickened, but nondilated, left ventricle (LV)
- Absence of another cardiac or systemic disease capable of producing hypertrophy
- Primary disorder of cardiac muscle
- DCM
- Dilated heart with decreased systolic function
- Final common pathway for diverse disease processes that lead to heart failure
- HCM
IMAGING
General Features
Echocardiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Zaban NB et al: Fetal echocardiography is useful for screening fetuses with a family history of cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Cardiol. 41(8):1766-72, 2020
- Yamamoto H et al: Prediction of postnatal clinical course in primary congenital dilated cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Int. 61(12):1196-201, 2019
- Ezon DS et al: Echocardiographic parameters and outcomes in primary fetal cardiomyopathy. J Ultrasound Med. 35(9):1949-55, 2016
- Moon-Grady AJ: Fetal echocardiography in twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Am J Perinatol. 31 Suppl 1:S31-8, 2014
- Weber R et al: Spectrum and outcome of primary cardiomyopathies diagnosed during fetal life. JACC Heart Fail. 2(4):403-11, 2014
- Mongiovì M et al: Diagnosis and prognosis of fetal cardiomyopathies: a review. Curr Pharm Des. 16(26):2929-34, 2010
- Yinon Y et al: Fetal cardiomyopathy--in utero evaluation and clinical significance. Prenat Diagn. 27(1):23-8, 2007
- Barth PG et al: X-linked cardioskeletal myopathy and neutropenia (Barth syndrome): an update. Am J Med Genet A. 126(4):349-54, 2004
- Huhta JC: Guidelines for the evaluation of heart failure in the fetus with or without hydrops. Pediatr Cardiol. 25(3):274-86, 2004
- Karatza AA et al: Isolated non-compaction of the ventricular myocardium: prenatal diagnosis and natural history. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 21(1):75-80, 2003
- Pedra SR et al: Fetal cardiomyopathies: pathogenic mechanisms, hemodynamic findings, and clinical outcome. Circulation. 106(5):585-91, 2002
