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Interventional Radiology
Procedures
Arterial Procedures
Cranial Revascularization
Carotid and Vertebral Arteries
Carotid and Vertebral Arteries
Jared Halpin, MD
;
Coleman O. Martin, MD
;
T. Gregory Walker, MD, FSIR
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Preprocedure
Procedure
Outcomes
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET)
: Randomized study; defined carotid revascularization indications
Severe carotid artery stenosis: ≥ 70% diameter stenosis
Preocclusive carotid stenosis: ≥ 90% diameter stenosis
Embolic protection device (EPD)
: Intravascular device designed to prevent dislodged plaque/debris/embolic material from occluding distal vasculature
PREPROCEDURE
Indications
Contraindications
Preprocedure Imaging
Getting Started
PROCEDURE
Procedure Steps
Alternative Procedures/Therapies
POST PROCEDURE
Things to Do
Things to Avoid
OUTCOMES
Problems
Complications
Expected Outcomes
Selected References
Dossabhoy S et al: Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease. Semin Vasc Surg. 34(1):3-9, 2021
Guo Z et al: Meta-analysis of redo stenting versus endarterectomy for in-stent stenosis after carotid artery stenting. J Vasc Surg. 73(4):1282-9, 2021
Müller MD et al: Carotid artery stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid artery stenosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2:CD000515, 2020
Park JH et al: Carotid artery stenting. Korean Circ J. 48(2):97-113, 2018
Dharmakidari S et al: Carotid artery stenosis: medical therapy, surgery, and stenting. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 17(10):77, 2017
Rosenfield K et al: Randomized trial of stent versus surgery for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 374(11):1011-20, 2016
Ahn SH et al: Carotid artery stenting: review of technique and update of recent literature. Semin Intervent Radiol. 30(3):288-96, 2013
Brott TG et al: Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 363(1):11-23, 2010
Chaer RA et al: Cerebral reserve is decreased in elderly patients with carotid stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 52(3):569-74; discussion 574-5, 2010
Davis SM et al: Carotid-artery stenting in stroke prevention. N Engl J Med. 363(1):80-2, 2010
Paraskevas KI: Carotid artery stenting vs endarterectomy for carotid stenosis. Lancet. 376(9738):327, 2010
Gurm HS et al: Long-term results of carotid stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 358(15):1572-9, 2008
Berenstein A et al: Surgical Neuroangiography, vol. 2. 2nd ed. Springer Verlag, 2004
Connors JJ, III et al: Interventional Neuroradiology: Strategies and Practical Techniques. WB Saunders Company, 1999
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Preprocedure
Procedure
Outcomes
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET)
: Randomized study; defined carotid revascularization indications
Severe carotid artery stenosis: ≥ 70% diameter stenosis
Preocclusive carotid stenosis: ≥ 90% diameter stenosis
Embolic protection device (EPD)
: Intravascular device designed to prevent dislodged plaque/debris/embolic material from occluding distal vasculature
PREPROCEDURE
Indications
Contraindications
Preprocedure Imaging
Getting Started
PROCEDURE
Procedure Steps
Alternative Procedures/Therapies
POST PROCEDURE
Things to Do
Things to Avoid
OUTCOMES
Problems
Complications
Expected Outcomes
Selected References
Dossabhoy S et al: Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease. Semin Vasc Surg. 34(1):3-9, 2021
Guo Z et al: Meta-analysis of redo stenting versus endarterectomy for in-stent stenosis after carotid artery stenting. J Vasc Surg. 73(4):1282-9, 2021
Müller MD et al: Carotid artery stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid artery stenosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2:CD000515, 2020
Park JH et al: Carotid artery stenting. Korean Circ J. 48(2):97-113, 2018
Dharmakidari S et al: Carotid artery stenosis: medical therapy, surgery, and stenting. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 17(10):77, 2017
Rosenfield K et al: Randomized trial of stent versus surgery for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 374(11):1011-20, 2016
Ahn SH et al: Carotid artery stenting: review of technique and update of recent literature. Semin Intervent Radiol. 30(3):288-96, 2013
Brott TG et al: Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 363(1):11-23, 2010
Chaer RA et al: Cerebral reserve is decreased in elderly patients with carotid stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 52(3):569-74; discussion 574-5, 2010
Davis SM et al: Carotid-artery stenting in stroke prevention. N Engl J Med. 363(1):80-2, 2010
Paraskevas KI: Carotid artery stenting vs endarterectomy for carotid stenosis. Lancet. 376(9738):327, 2010
Gurm HS et al: Long-term results of carotid stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 358(15):1572-9, 2008
Berenstein A et al: Surgical Neuroangiography, vol. 2. 2nd ed. Springer Verlag, 2004
Connors JJ, III et al: Interventional Neuroradiology: Strategies and Practical Techniques. WB Saunders Company, 1999
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