ICAD: Delamination of ICA wall by tear or rupture of intima allowing blood to gain access to subintima and media
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Rao AS et al: Long-term outcomes of internal carotid artery dissection. J Vasc Surg. 54(2):370-4; discussion 375, 2011
Faivre A et al: Internal carotid artery dissection occurring during intensive practice with Wii video sports games. Neurology. 73(15):1242-3, 2009
Georgiadis D et al: Aspirin vs anticoagulation in carotid artery dissection: a study of 298 patients. Neurology. 72(21):1810-5, 2009
Ansari SA et al: Endovascular treatment of distal cervical and intracranial dissections with the neuroform stent. Neurosurgery. 62(3):636-46; discussion 636-46, 2008
Chandra A et al: Spontaneous dissection of the carotid and vertebral arteries: the 10-year UCSD experience. Ann Vasc Surg. 21(2):178-85, 2007
McIntosh A et al: Carotid artery dissection and middle cerebral artery stroke following methamphetamine use. Neurology. 67(12):2259-60, 2006
Wu HC et al: Spontaneous bilateral internal carotid artery dissection with acute stroke in young patients. Eur Neurol. 56(4):230-4, 2006
Biondi A et al: Progressive symptomatic carotid dissection treated with multiple stents. Stroke. 36(9):e80-2, 2005
Edgell RC et al: Endovascular management of spontaneous carotid artery dissection. J Vasc Surg. 42(5):854-60; discussion 860, 2005
Khan AM et al: Chiropractic sympathectomy: carotid artery dissection with oculosympathetic palsy after chiropractic manipulation of the neck. Mt Sinai J Med. 72(3):207-10, 2005
Knibb J et al: Internal carotid artery dissection presenting with ipsilateral tenth and twelfth nerve palsies and apparent mass lesion on MRI. Br J Radiol. 78(931):659-61, 2005
Roz TM et al: Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery manifesting as pain in an endodontically treated molar. J Am Dent Assoc. 136(11):1556-9, 2005
Badawi RA et al: Hiccups and bilateral carotid artery dissection. J R Soc Med. 97(7):331-2, 2004
Benninger DH et al: Mechanism of ischemic infarct in spontaneous carotid dissection. Stroke. 35(2):482-5, 2004
Kono Y et al: Carotid arteries: contrast-enhanced US angiography--preliminary clinical experience. Radiology. 230(2):561-8, 2004
Payton TF et al: Traumatic dissection of the internal carotid artery. Pediatr Emerg Care. 20(1):27-9, 2004
Chen YC et al: Spontaneous common carotid artery dissection: a case report and review of the literature. Eur Neurol. 50(1):58-60, 2003
Dziewas R et al: Cervical artery dissection--clinical features, risk factors, therapy and outcome in 126 patients. J Neurol. 250(10):1179-84, 2003
Irie K et al: Treatment of a spontaneous intracranial dissecting aneurysm with stent-assisted coil embolization. Neuroradiology. 45(11):825-9, 2003
Nadgir RN et al: Simultaneous bilateral internal carotid and vertebral artery dissection following chiropractic manipulation: case report and review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 45(5):311-4, 2003
Wessels T et al: Vocal cord palsy resulting from spontaneous carotid dissection. Laryngoscope. 113(3):537-40, 2003
Logason K et al: Duplex scan findings in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissections. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 23(4):295-8, 2002
Zuccoli G et al: Carotid and vertebral artery dissection: magnetic resonance findings in 15 cases. Radiol Med. 104(5-6):466-71, 2002
Brandt T et al: Pathogenesis of cervical artery dissections: association with connective tissue abnormalities. Neurology. 57(1):24-30, 2001
Duncan MA et al: Traumatic bilateral internal carotid artery dissection following airbag deployment in a patient with fibromuscular dysplasia. Br J Anaesth. 85(3):476-8, 2000
Malek AM et al: Endovascular management of extracranial carotid artery dissection achieved using stent angioplasty. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(7):1280-92, 2000
Muller BT et al: Surgical treatment of 50 carotid dissections: indications and results. J Vasc Surg. 31(5):980-8, 2000
Saito R et al: Combined neuroendovascular stenting and coil embolization for cervical carotid artery dissection causing symptomatic mass effect. Surg Neurol. 53(4):318-22, 2000
Biffl WL et al: Blunt carotid arterial injuries: implications of a new grading scale. J Trauma. 47(5):845-53, 1999
Bousson V et al: Dissections of the internal carotid artery: three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography and MR imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 173(1):139-43, 1999
Nusbaum AO et al: Isolated vagal nerve palsy associated with a dissection of the extracranial internal carotid artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19(10):1845-7, 1998
Pica RA Jr et al: Traumatic internal carotid artery dissection presenting as delayed hemilingual paresis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(1):86-8, 1996
Provenzale JM: Dissection of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries: imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 165(5):1099-104, 1995
ICAD: Delamination of ICA wall by tear or rupture of intima allowing blood to gain access to subintima and media
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Rao AS et al: Long-term outcomes of internal carotid artery dissection. J Vasc Surg. 54(2):370-4; discussion 375, 2011
Faivre A et al: Internal carotid artery dissection occurring during intensive practice with Wii video sports games. Neurology. 73(15):1242-3, 2009
Georgiadis D et al: Aspirin vs anticoagulation in carotid artery dissection: a study of 298 patients. Neurology. 72(21):1810-5, 2009
Ansari SA et al: Endovascular treatment of distal cervical and intracranial dissections with the neuroform stent. Neurosurgery. 62(3):636-46; discussion 636-46, 2008
Chandra A et al: Spontaneous dissection of the carotid and vertebral arteries: the 10-year UCSD experience. Ann Vasc Surg. 21(2):178-85, 2007
McIntosh A et al: Carotid artery dissection and middle cerebral artery stroke following methamphetamine use. Neurology. 67(12):2259-60, 2006
Wu HC et al: Spontaneous bilateral internal carotid artery dissection with acute stroke in young patients. Eur Neurol. 56(4):230-4, 2006
Biondi A et al: Progressive symptomatic carotid dissection treated with multiple stents. Stroke. 36(9):e80-2, 2005
Edgell RC et al: Endovascular management of spontaneous carotid artery dissection. J Vasc Surg. 42(5):854-60; discussion 860, 2005
Khan AM et al: Chiropractic sympathectomy: carotid artery dissection with oculosympathetic palsy after chiropractic manipulation of the neck. Mt Sinai J Med. 72(3):207-10, 2005
Knibb J et al: Internal carotid artery dissection presenting with ipsilateral tenth and twelfth nerve palsies and apparent mass lesion on MRI. Br J Radiol. 78(931):659-61, 2005
Roz TM et al: Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery manifesting as pain in an endodontically treated molar. J Am Dent Assoc. 136(11):1556-9, 2005
Badawi RA et al: Hiccups and bilateral carotid artery dissection. J R Soc Med. 97(7):331-2, 2004
Benninger DH et al: Mechanism of ischemic infarct in spontaneous carotid dissection. Stroke. 35(2):482-5, 2004
Kono Y et al: Carotid arteries: contrast-enhanced US angiography--preliminary clinical experience. Radiology. 230(2):561-8, 2004
Payton TF et al: Traumatic dissection of the internal carotid artery. Pediatr Emerg Care. 20(1):27-9, 2004
Chen YC et al: Spontaneous common carotid artery dissection: a case report and review of the literature. Eur Neurol. 50(1):58-60, 2003
Dziewas R et al: Cervical artery dissection--clinical features, risk factors, therapy and outcome in 126 patients. J Neurol. 250(10):1179-84, 2003
Irie K et al: Treatment of a spontaneous intracranial dissecting aneurysm with stent-assisted coil embolization. Neuroradiology. 45(11):825-9, 2003
Nadgir RN et al: Simultaneous bilateral internal carotid and vertebral artery dissection following chiropractic manipulation: case report and review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 45(5):311-4, 2003
Wessels T et al: Vocal cord palsy resulting from spontaneous carotid dissection. Laryngoscope. 113(3):537-40, 2003
Logason K et al: Duplex scan findings in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissections. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 23(4):295-8, 2002
Zuccoli G et al: Carotid and vertebral artery dissection: magnetic resonance findings in 15 cases. Radiol Med. 104(5-6):466-71, 2002
Brandt T et al: Pathogenesis of cervical artery dissections: association with connective tissue abnormalities. Neurology. 57(1):24-30, 2001
Duncan MA et al: Traumatic bilateral internal carotid artery dissection following airbag deployment in a patient with fibromuscular dysplasia. Br J Anaesth. 85(3):476-8, 2000
Malek AM et al: Endovascular management of extracranial carotid artery dissection achieved using stent angioplasty. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(7):1280-92, 2000
Muller BT et al: Surgical treatment of 50 carotid dissections: indications and results. J Vasc Surg. 31(5):980-8, 2000
Saito R et al: Combined neuroendovascular stenting and coil embolization for cervical carotid artery dissection causing symptomatic mass effect. Surg Neurol. 53(4):318-22, 2000
Biffl WL et al: Blunt carotid arterial injuries: implications of a new grading scale. J Trauma. 47(5):845-53, 1999
Bousson V et al: Dissections of the internal carotid artery: three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography and MR imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 173(1):139-43, 1999
Nusbaum AO et al: Isolated vagal nerve palsy associated with a dissection of the extracranial internal carotid artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19(10):1845-7, 1998
Pica RA Jr et al: Traumatic internal carotid artery dissection presenting as delayed hemilingual paresis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(1):86-8, 1996
Provenzale JM: Dissection of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries: imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 165(5):1099-104, 1995
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