Localized neurofibromas (NFs) arise from vagus nerve or sympathetic chain; superior lesions may arise from hypoglossal nerve
Plexiform NFs arising from peripheral nerves may also involve carotid sheath
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Belakhoua SM et al: Diagnostic pathology of tumors of peripheral nerve. Neurosurgery. 88(3):443-56, 2021
Abdel Razek AAK et al: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors of head and neck: imaging-based review of World Health Organization classification. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 44(6):928-40, 2020
Latham K et al: Neurofibromatosis of the head and neck: classification and surgical management. Plast Reconstr Surg. 135(3):845-55, 2015
Marocchio LS et al: Sporadic and multiple neurofibromas in the head and neck region: a retrospective study of 33 years. Clin Oral Investig. 11(2):165-9, 2007
Pang KP et al: Parapharyngeal space tumours: an 18 year review. J Laryngol Otol. 116(3):170-5, 2002
Giovagnorio F et al: Sonography of the cervical vagus nerve: normal appearance and abnormal findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(3):745-9, 2001
Rapado F et al: Neurofibromatosis type 1 of the head and neck: dilemmas in management. J Laryngol Otol. 115(2):151-4, 2001
Gilmer-Hill HS et al: Neurogenic tumors of the cervical vagus nerve: report of four cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 46(6):1498-503, 2000
Loree TR et al: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the head and neck: analysis of prognostic factors. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 122(5):667-72, 2000
Chung CJ et al: Cervical neurofibromas in children with NF-1. Pediatr Radiol. 29(5):353-6, 1999
King AD et al: Sonography of peripheral nerve tumors of the neck. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(6):1695-8, 1997
Lin BT et al: Neurofibroma and cellular neurofibroma with atypia: a report of 14 tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 21(12):1443-9, 1997
Miller FR et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and the management of parapharyngeal space tumors. Head Neck. 18(1):67-77, 1996
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Benign nerve sheath tumor in carotid space
Localized neurofibromas (NFs) arise from vagus nerve or sympathetic chain; superior lesions may arise from hypoglossal nerve
Plexiform NFs arising from peripheral nerves may also involve carotid sheath
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Belakhoua SM et al: Diagnostic pathology of tumors of peripheral nerve. Neurosurgery. 88(3):443-56, 2021
Abdel Razek AAK et al: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors of head and neck: imaging-based review of World Health Organization classification. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 44(6):928-40, 2020
Latham K et al: Neurofibromatosis of the head and neck: classification and surgical management. Plast Reconstr Surg. 135(3):845-55, 2015
Marocchio LS et al: Sporadic and multiple neurofibromas in the head and neck region: a retrospective study of 33 years. Clin Oral Investig. 11(2):165-9, 2007
Pang KP et al: Parapharyngeal space tumours: an 18 year review. J Laryngol Otol. 116(3):170-5, 2002
Giovagnorio F et al: Sonography of the cervical vagus nerve: normal appearance and abnormal findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(3):745-9, 2001
Rapado F et al: Neurofibromatosis type 1 of the head and neck: dilemmas in management. J Laryngol Otol. 115(2):151-4, 2001
Gilmer-Hill HS et al: Neurogenic tumors of the cervical vagus nerve: report of four cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 46(6):1498-503, 2000
Loree TR et al: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the head and neck: analysis of prognostic factors. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 122(5):667-72, 2000
Chung CJ et al: Cervical neurofibromas in children with NF-1. Pediatr Radiol. 29(5):353-6, 1999
King AD et al: Sonography of peripheral nerve tumors of the neck. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(6):1695-8, 1997
Lin BT et al: Neurofibroma and cellular neurofibroma with atypia: a report of 14 tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 21(12):1443-9, 1997
Miller FR et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and the management of parapharyngeal space tumors. Head Neck. 18(1):67-77, 1996
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