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Carotid Stenosis/Occlusion
Stella Sin Yee Ho, RDMS, RVT, PhD; Simon S. M. Ho, MBBS, FRCR
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KEY FACTS

  • Imaging

    • Diagnostic Checklist

      TERMINOLOGY

      • Definitions

        • Stenosis: Narrowing of luminal diameter or area
        • Occlusion: Complete blockage

      IMAGING

      • General Features

        • Ultrasonographic Findings

          • MR Findings

            • Angiographic Findings

              • Imaging Recommendations

                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                  PATHOLOGY

                  • General Features

                    • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                      • Microscopic Features

                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                        • Presentation

                          • Demographics

                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                              • Treatment

                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                • Consider

                                  • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                    Selected References

                                    1. von Reutern GM et al: Grading carotid stenosis using ultrasonic methods. Stroke. 43(3):916-21, 2012
                                    2. Wardlaw JM et al: Accurate, practical and cost-effective assessment of carotid stenosis in the UK. Health Technol Assess. 10(30):iii-iv, ix-x, 1-182, 2006
                                    3. Zwiebel WJ: Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Plaque. In Zwiebel WJ et al: Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. 155-69, 2005
                                    4. Grant EG et al: Carotid artery stenosis: gray-scale and Doppler US diagnosis--Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference. Radiology. 229(2):340-6, 2003
                                    5. Gorelick PB: Carotid endarterectomy : where do we draw the line? Stroke. 30(9):1745-50, 1999
                                    6. Lee DH et al: Duplex and color Doppler flow sonography of occlusion and near occlusion of the carotid artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(7):1267-74, 1996
                                    Related Anatomy
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                                    Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                    References
                                    Tables

                                    Tables

                                    KEY FACTS

                                    • Imaging

                                      • Diagnostic Checklist

                                        TERMINOLOGY

                                        • Definitions

                                          • Stenosis: Narrowing of luminal diameter or area
                                          • Occlusion: Complete blockage

                                        IMAGING

                                        • General Features

                                          • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                            • MR Findings

                                              • Angiographic Findings

                                                • Imaging Recommendations

                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                        • Microscopic Features

                                                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                          • Presentation

                                                            • Demographics

                                                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                • Treatment

                                                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                  • Consider

                                                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                      Selected References

                                                                      1. von Reutern GM et al: Grading carotid stenosis using ultrasonic methods. Stroke. 43(3):916-21, 2012
                                                                      2. Wardlaw JM et al: Accurate, practical and cost-effective assessment of carotid stenosis in the UK. Health Technol Assess. 10(30):iii-iv, ix-x, 1-182, 2006
                                                                      3. Zwiebel WJ: Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Plaque. In Zwiebel WJ et al: Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. 155-69, 2005
                                                                      4. Grant EG et al: Carotid artery stenosis: gray-scale and Doppler US diagnosis--Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference. Radiology. 229(2):340-6, 2003
                                                                      5. Gorelick PB: Carotid endarterectomy : where do we draw the line? Stroke. 30(9):1745-50, 1999
                                                                      6. Lee DH et al: Duplex and color Doppler flow sonography of occlusion and near occlusion of the carotid artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(7):1267-74, 1996