Constellation of caudal developmental growth abnormalities and associated soft tissue anomalies
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Szumera E et al: Atypical caudal regression syndrome with agenesis of lumbar spine and presence of sacrum - case report and literature review. J Spinal Cord Med. 41(4):496-500, 2018
Mehta DV: Magnetic resonance imaging in paediatric spinal dysraphism with comparative usefulness of various magnetic resonance sequences. J Clin Diagn Res. 11(8):TC17-22, 2017
Boruah DK et al: Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of caudal regression syndrome and concomitant anomalies in pediatric patients. J Clin Imaging Sci. 6:36, 2016
Chikkannaiah P et al: Sirenomelia with associated systemic anomalies: an autopsy pathologic illustration of a series of four cases. Pathol Res Pract. 210(7):444-9, 2014
Puneeth KT et al: High abrupt cord termination: a hallmark of caudal regression syndrome. BMJ Case Rep., 2014
Beaumont C et al: Prenatal imaging of caudal regression syndrome with postnatal correlation: novel insights. Fetal Diagn Ther. 34(2):131-2, 2013
Jeelani Y et al: Closed neural tube defects in children with caudal regression. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(9):1451-7, 2013
Palacios-Marqués A et al: Prenatal diagnosis of caudal dysplasia sequence associated with undiagnosed type I diabetes. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013
Sharma P et al: Clinico-radiologic findings in group II caudal regression syndrome. J Clin Imaging Sci. 3:26, 2013
Bansal G et al: Unusual coexistence of caudal duplication and caudal regression syndromes. J Pediatr Surg. 46(1):256-8, 2011
Torre M et al: Long-term urologic outcome in patients with caudal regression syndrome, compared with meningomyelocele and spinal cord lipoma. J Pediatr Surg. 43(3):530-3, 2008
Nievelstein RA et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in children with anorectal malformations: embryologic implications. J Pediatr Surg. 37(8):1138-45, 2002
Catala M: Embryogenesis. Why do we need a new explanation for the emergence of spina bifida with lipoma? Childs Nerv Syst. 13(6):336-40, 1997
Heij HA et al: Abnormal anatomy of the lumbosacral region imaged by magnetic resonance in children with anorectal malformations. Arch Dis Child. 74(5):441-4, 1996
Nievelstein RA et al: MR of the caudal regression syndrome: embryologic implications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 15(6):1021-9, 1994
Pang D: Sacral agenesis and caudal spinal cord malformations. Neurosurgery. 32(5):755-78; discussion 778-9, 1993
Barkovich AJ et al: The wedge-shaped cord terminus: a radiographic sign of caudal regression. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 10(6):1223-31, 1989
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Caudal regression syndrome (CRS)
Synonyms
Sacral agenesis, lumbosacral hypogenesis
Definitions
Constellation of caudal developmental growth abnormalities and associated soft tissue anomalies
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Szumera E et al: Atypical caudal regression syndrome with agenesis of lumbar spine and presence of sacrum - case report and literature review. J Spinal Cord Med. 41(4):496-500, 2018
Mehta DV: Magnetic resonance imaging in paediatric spinal dysraphism with comparative usefulness of various magnetic resonance sequences. J Clin Diagn Res. 11(8):TC17-22, 2017
Boruah DK et al: Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of caudal regression syndrome and concomitant anomalies in pediatric patients. J Clin Imaging Sci. 6:36, 2016
Chikkannaiah P et al: Sirenomelia with associated systemic anomalies: an autopsy pathologic illustration of a series of four cases. Pathol Res Pract. 210(7):444-9, 2014
Puneeth KT et al: High abrupt cord termination: a hallmark of caudal regression syndrome. BMJ Case Rep., 2014
Beaumont C et al: Prenatal imaging of caudal regression syndrome with postnatal correlation: novel insights. Fetal Diagn Ther. 34(2):131-2, 2013
Jeelani Y et al: Closed neural tube defects in children with caudal regression. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(9):1451-7, 2013
Palacios-Marqués A et al: Prenatal diagnosis of caudal dysplasia sequence associated with undiagnosed type I diabetes. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013
Sharma P et al: Clinico-radiologic findings in group II caudal regression syndrome. J Clin Imaging Sci. 3:26, 2013
Bansal G et al: Unusual coexistence of caudal duplication and caudal regression syndromes. J Pediatr Surg. 46(1):256-8, 2011
Torre M et al: Long-term urologic outcome in patients with caudal regression syndrome, compared with meningomyelocele and spinal cord lipoma. J Pediatr Surg. 43(3):530-3, 2008
Nievelstein RA et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in children with anorectal malformations: embryologic implications. J Pediatr Surg. 37(8):1138-45, 2002
Catala M: Embryogenesis. Why do we need a new explanation for the emergence of spina bifida with lipoma? Childs Nerv Syst. 13(6):336-40, 1997
Heij HA et al: Abnormal anatomy of the lumbosacral region imaged by magnetic resonance in children with anorectal malformations. Arch Dis Child. 74(5):441-4, 1996
Nievelstein RA et al: MR of the caudal regression syndrome: embryologic implications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 15(6):1021-9, 1994
Pang D: Sacral agenesis and caudal spinal cord malformations. Neurosurgery. 32(5):755-78; discussion 778-9, 1993
Barkovich AJ et al: The wedge-shaped cord terminus: a radiographic sign of caudal regression. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 10(6):1223-31, 1989
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