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Cervical Esophageal Carcinoma
Jaclyn Thiessen, MDLuke N. Ledbetter, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            • Diagnostic Checklist

              TERMINOLOGY

              • Abbreviations

                • Cervical esophageal carcinoma (CECa)
              • Definitions

                • Malignancy of lining epithelium of cervical esophagus
                  • > 95% are squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa)
                  • Adenocarcinomas less commonly

              IMAGING

              • General Features

                • Fluoroscopic Findings

                  • CT Findings

                    • MR Findings

                      • Ultrasonographic Findings

                        • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                          • Imaging Recommendations

                            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                              PATHOLOGY

                              • General Features

                                • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                  • Microscopic Features

                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                    • Presentation

                                      • Demographics

                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                          • Treatment

                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                            • Consider

                                              • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                Selected References

                                                1. Schizas D et al: Carcinomas of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus: a systematic review and quality of evidence assessment. J BUON. 26(1):39-50, 2021
                                                2. Katsurahara K et al: Clinical significance of the distance between the cricoid cartilage and upper edge of the tumor using PET-CT in cervical esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett. 20(4):40, 2020
                                                3. Kumabe A et al: Long-term clinical results of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 37(9):5039-44, 2017
                                                4. Luo Y et al: Identification of risk factors and thepattern of lower cervical lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer: implications for radiotherapy target delineation. Oncotarget. 8(26):43389-96, 2017
                                                5. Grass GD et al: Cervical esophageal cancer: a population-based study. Head Neck. 37(6):808-14, 2015
                                                6. Hong SJ et al: New TNM staging system for esophageal cancer: what chest radiologists need to know. Radiographics. 34(6):1722-40, 2014
                                                7. Kim JW et al: Evaluation of 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT/MRI with histopathologic correlation in patients undergoing central compartment neck dissection for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, hypopharynx, and esophagus. Oral Oncol. 49(5):449-53, 2013
                                                8. Lewis RB et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: esophageal neoplasms: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 33(4):1083-108, 2013
                                                9. Ng T et al: Advances in the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 101(8):725-9, 2010
                                                10. Kadota H et al: Larynx-preserving esophagectomy and jejunal transfer for cervical esophageal carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 119(7):1274-80, 2009
                                                11. Kim TJ et al: Multimodality assessment of esophageal cancer: preoperative staging and monitoring of response to therapy. Radiographics. 29(2):403-21, 2009
                                                12. Mariette C et al: Pattern of recurrence following complete resection of esophageal carcinoma and factors predictive of recurrent disease. Cancer. 97(7):1616-23, 2003
                                                13. Mariette C et al: Value of endoscopic ultrasonography as a predictor of long-term survival in oesophageal carcinoma. Br J Surg. 90(11):1367-72, 2003
                                                14. Timon CV et al: Paratracheal lymph node involvement in advanced cancer of the larynx, hypopharynx, and cervical esophagus. Laryngoscope. 113(9):1595-9, 2003
                                                15. Schmalfuss IM: Imaging of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 10(3):495-509, vi, 2002
                                                16. Noguchi T et al: Primary adenocarcinoma of the cervical esophagus arising from heterotopic gastric mucosa. J Gastroenterol. 36(10):704-9, 2001
                                                17. Peracchia A et al: Current status of surgery for carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 14(2):95-7, 2001
                                                18. Qubain SW et al: Micrometastases in the cervical lymph nodes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus. 14(2):143-8, 2001
                                                19. Triboulet JP et al: Surgical management of carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus: analysis of 209 cases. Arch Surg. 136(10):1164-70, 2001
                                                20. Axon PR et al: Carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus in young adults. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 109(6):590-3, 2000
                                                21. Burmeister BH et al: Thirty-four patients with carcinoma of the cervical esophagus treated with chemoradiation therapy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 126(2):205-8, 2000
                                                22. Skehan SJ et al: Imaging features of primary and recurrent esophageal cancer at FDG PET. Radiographics. 20(3):713-23, 2000
                                                23. Bottger T et al: Carcinoma of the hypopharynx and the cervical oesophagus: a surgical challenge. Eur J Surg. 165(10):940-6, 1999
                                                24. Natsugoe S et al: Assessment of cervical lymph node metastasis in esophageal carcinoma using ultrasonography. Ann Surg. 229(1):62-6, 1999
                                                Related Anatomy
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                                                Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                                References
                                                Tables

                                                Tables

                                                KEY FACTS

                                                • Terminology

                                                  • Imaging

                                                    • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                      • Pathology

                                                        • Clinical Issues

                                                          • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                            TERMINOLOGY

                                                            • Abbreviations

                                                              • Cervical esophageal carcinoma (CECa)
                                                            • Definitions

                                                              • Malignancy of lining epithelium of cervical esophagus
                                                                • > 95% are squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa)
                                                                • Adenocarcinomas less commonly

                                                            IMAGING

                                                            • General Features

                                                              • Fluoroscopic Findings

                                                                • CT Findings

                                                                  • MR Findings

                                                                    • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                                      • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                        • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                            PATHOLOGY

                                                                            • General Features

                                                                              • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                                • Microscopic Features

                                                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                                  • Presentation

                                                                                    • Demographics

                                                                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                        • Treatment

                                                                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                          • Consider

                                                                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                              Selected References

                                                                                              1. Schizas D et al: Carcinomas of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus: a systematic review and quality of evidence assessment. J BUON. 26(1):39-50, 2021
                                                                                              2. Katsurahara K et al: Clinical significance of the distance between the cricoid cartilage and upper edge of the tumor using PET-CT in cervical esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett. 20(4):40, 2020
                                                                                              3. Kumabe A et al: Long-term clinical results of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 37(9):5039-44, 2017
                                                                                              4. Luo Y et al: Identification of risk factors and thepattern of lower cervical lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer: implications for radiotherapy target delineation. Oncotarget. 8(26):43389-96, 2017
                                                                                              5. Grass GD et al: Cervical esophageal cancer: a population-based study. Head Neck. 37(6):808-14, 2015
                                                                                              6. Hong SJ et al: New TNM staging system for esophageal cancer: what chest radiologists need to know. Radiographics. 34(6):1722-40, 2014
                                                                                              7. Kim JW et al: Evaluation of 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT/MRI with histopathologic correlation in patients undergoing central compartment neck dissection for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, hypopharynx, and esophagus. Oral Oncol. 49(5):449-53, 2013
                                                                                              8. Lewis RB et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: esophageal neoplasms: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 33(4):1083-108, 2013
                                                                                              9. Ng T et al: Advances in the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 101(8):725-9, 2010
                                                                                              10. Kadota H et al: Larynx-preserving esophagectomy and jejunal transfer for cervical esophageal carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 119(7):1274-80, 2009
                                                                                              11. Kim TJ et al: Multimodality assessment of esophageal cancer: preoperative staging and monitoring of response to therapy. Radiographics. 29(2):403-21, 2009
                                                                                              12. Mariette C et al: Pattern of recurrence following complete resection of esophageal carcinoma and factors predictive of recurrent disease. Cancer. 97(7):1616-23, 2003
                                                                                              13. Mariette C et al: Value of endoscopic ultrasonography as a predictor of long-term survival in oesophageal carcinoma. Br J Surg. 90(11):1367-72, 2003
                                                                                              14. Timon CV et al: Paratracheal lymph node involvement in advanced cancer of the larynx, hypopharynx, and cervical esophagus. Laryngoscope. 113(9):1595-9, 2003
                                                                                              15. Schmalfuss IM: Imaging of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 10(3):495-509, vi, 2002
                                                                                              16. Noguchi T et al: Primary adenocarcinoma of the cervical esophagus arising from heterotopic gastric mucosa. J Gastroenterol. 36(10):704-9, 2001
                                                                                              17. Peracchia A et al: Current status of surgery for carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 14(2):95-7, 2001
                                                                                              18. Qubain SW et al: Micrometastases in the cervical lymph nodes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus. 14(2):143-8, 2001
                                                                                              19. Triboulet JP et al: Surgical management of carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus: analysis of 209 cases. Arch Surg. 136(10):1164-70, 2001
                                                                                              20. Axon PR et al: Carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus in young adults. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 109(6):590-3, 2000
                                                                                              21. Burmeister BH et al: Thirty-four patients with carcinoma of the cervical esophagus treated with chemoradiation therapy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 126(2):205-8, 2000
                                                                                              22. Skehan SJ et al: Imaging features of primary and recurrent esophageal cancer at FDG PET. Radiographics. 20(3):713-23, 2000
                                                                                              23. Bottger T et al: Carcinoma of the hypopharynx and the cervical oesophagus: a surgical challenge. Eur J Surg. 165(10):940-6, 1999
                                                                                              24. Natsugoe S et al: Assessment of cervical lymph node metastasis in esophageal carcinoma using ultrasonography. Ann Surg. 229(1):62-6, 1999